Media attention and limelight has recently focused on
two countries, who are witnessing preparations to
transfer power in two different ways, under two
contrasting experiences. In Brazil, people this week
have been following the first round of the
Presidential Elections, to choose a successor to
President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, who is considered
the most popular president in the history of his
country, thanks to his achievements. However, he is
due to relinquish the presidency at the end of his
second term, because the constitution prevents a third
term.
President Lula, as he is known, was not preoccupied
with amending the constitution to remain in office for
life, but instead turned his attention to building his
country. He succeeded in achieving stunning economic
growth, making Brazil one of the fastest growing
economies, with a growth rate comparable to China.
Brazil is now classified as the eighth largest economy
in the world. During his two successful presidential
terms, President Lula was able to re-correct the
economic course of the largest country in South
America (an area of 3.3 million square miles and a
population of around 194 million people), by reducing
inflation, external debt, and encouraging investment
and economic growth, thus achieving a major economic
boom. At the same time, he kept his promises to the
voters by helping the poor, and reducing the gap
between the haves and have-nots, by raising the
minimum wage, modifying the pension system, and
implementing other reform programs. President Lula was
born in a poor environment, where he left school at 14
years of age, to work as a basic laborer. He made his
way to become one of the leaders of the labor
movement, and he did not forget his poor upbringing
when he moved into politics, where he won the
presidency twice in a row.
As Lula da Silva prepares to leave office next
January, Brazil has become a significant emerging
economic power, and has gained international respect,
enabling it to win the competition to host the 2014
World Cup, in addition to the 2016 Olympic Games. The
man leaves a legacy of success, making the two most
prominent contenders in the presidential race scramble
to emphasize their commitment to continue with his
plans. They bear the slogan ‘continuity’, rather than
the slogan ‘change’, which led Barack Obama to the
U.S. presidency, for example. Thanks to this legacy,
Dilma Rousseff, the Labor Party candidate supported by
Lula da Silva, became the favorite to win the election
in its second round, which will be held at the end of
this month. Despite his success and popularity, Lula
da Silva did not seek to change the constitution in
order to stay in power, in the manner of Hugo Chavez
of Venezuela for example. Nor did he think about
passing his presidential legacy onto any of his five
sons. Instead, he will leave office, satisfied with a
successful record that has prompted several prominent
newspapers and magazines worldwide to include him
amongst the world’s most influential global political
figures. Furthermore, he was chosen by the World
Economic Forum, during its annual meeting in Davos at
the beginning of this year, as the leading
international political figure. He was described by
U.S. President Obama as “the most popular politician
on the face of the earth”.
Another political transition that has attracted
attention over the past few days, for various reasons,
is the experience of North Korea. Here, arrangements
to transfer power are in place, amid a severe
[information] blackout. This country, with its
remnants of communism, prefers to highlight its
nuclear and military capabilities, instead of economic
and political achievements. Information leaked from
North Korea during the first general conference of the
Communist Party for more than 30 years, indicated that
there are steps in place to pave the way for the
transfer of power from Kim Jong-Il, the ‘Dear Leader’
as he is known there, to his youngest son, Kim Jong-Un.
He promoted his son, who is in his twenties, to the
army rank of General, appointed him as Vice-Chairman
of the Military Committee, and has admitted him into
the party leadership. The conference appears to have
been arranged in order to take these steps. It was
interesting that Kim Jong-Il seeks to bequeath his son
by giving him control of the military, but this is
simply because there is no other legacy which he could
leave. His country has witnessed a famine that is said
to have killed a million people, and current economic
conditions are dire, amid chronic food shortages, and
international isolation.
This ‘republic’ maintains a system of communist rule,
and targets neighboring successful and stable ruling
systems such as South Korea and Japan. It is strange
that North Korea has become, and not even in a gradual
manner, completely controlled by the bodies and
organizations of one party. The ‘Dear Leader’ Kim
Jong-Il inherited power from his father, the ‘Dear
Leader’ Kim Il Sung, after a process similar to what
happened last month, within the corridors of the
ruling party. However, Kim Jong-Il has gone a step
further than his late father. Not only has he promoted
his youngest son, Kim Jong-Un, in preparation to
assume overall leadership, but he has also sought to
accommodate his sister in the ruling elite, who was
also promoted to the rank of General during the last
party conference. She is married to an influential
figure in both the party and the state, and it is
reported that he is responsible for everyday affairs.
There is a great difference between the experiences of
North Korea and Brazil. The former is characterized by
a military grip over the ruins of a country which
adheres to communism, and is now collapsing under the
weight of poverty and hunger. Meanwhile, regarding the
latter, politicians are scrambling to hold on to the
legacy and policies of the previous leader, who is
leaving in accordance with the constitution, having
achieved remarkable success for his people and his
country.
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