Analysts say Egyptians would find it
hard to accept an unmarried head of state. They note that
Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, a bachelor when he succeeded
his father Hafez in 2000, found himself a bride less than six
months after taking office.
"Things are moving perfectly towards their target,"
said Gameela Ismail, wife of imprisoned opposition politician
Ayman Nour, who challenged Hosni Mubarak for the presidency in
2005.
"The wedding is the final part before the curtain comes
down and Gamal becomes the president," she told Reuters.
Khadiga, who has mostly kept out of the public eye so far,
fits the "first lady" profile set by her future
mother-in-law Suzanne and by Suzanne's predecessor, Jihan el-Sadat.
Suzanne Mubarak and Jihan, the widow of assassinated President
Anwar Sadat, cultivated the image of modern cosmopolitan
women. Unlike more than 80 percent of Egyptian women, they
leave their hair uncovered in public.
Like Suzanne and Jihan, Khadiga speaks fluent English. She is
a graduate of the American University in Cairo, where Gamal
Mubarak also studied in the 1980s.
Her most extensive appearance in public was at a World
Economic Forum event in the Red Sea resort of Sharm el-Sheikh
last year, when she sat between Gamal and Prime Minister Ahmed
Nazif and mingled with international business people.
President Mubarak and his son have denied they have any
presidential plans for Gamal, a former investment banker who
is assistant secretary-general and head of the policies
committee in the ruling National Democratic Party (NDP).
But analysts and the opposition say there is no other
plausible explanation for his political activities over the
past five years and his gradual emergence on the public scene.
"The advantage Gamal has gained from the president is not
only something past and present. He is also expecting a future
benefit through being the next president," the opposition
newspaper al-Dostor said on Wednesday.
The state media once covered Gamal's political activities only
sporadically and discretely. They now show his photograph as
often as they show those of many ministers, making him a
familiar face to an increasing number of Egyptians.
The question now is not whether he is the chosen successor but
how the Mubarak family and the ruling party will organise a
smooth succession, the analysts say.
His only superior in the ruling party is ageing apparatchik
and secretary-general Safwat el-Sharif, who has been in
government service without a break since the 1960s and is not
considered a serious contender to succeed Mubarak.
Mubarak, who celebrates his 79th birthday on May 4, the same
day as the public wedding party in the Red Sea resort of Sharm
el-Sheikh, won a fifth six-year term in presidential elections
in September 2005 and has never appointed a vice president.
If he does not last till his current term expires in 2010, the
prime minister would take over temporarily but the choice of a
successor would fall to the ruling party, whose candidate
would face a minimal challenge from the small opposition
parties able to field presidential candidates.
Under constitutional amendments passed in 2005 and this year,
the country's largest opposition force, the Muslim
Brotherhood, would not be able to compete because the
government refuses to let it form a political party.
Gamal wedding
Questionable
The upcoming wedding of President
Hosni Mubarak's son is just one more part of an elaborate plan
to have him succeed his father in power, many Egyptians are
convinced.
The family denies such plans, but the feeling that Gamal
Mubarak has been anointed to become president sparks wide
opposition and even scorn here - underlining deep uncertainty
over the future of this key United States ally.
The elder Mubarak has marginalised any real challengers, and
no one besides his son has emerged as a likely candidate.
Gamal has risen swiftly to become
the most powerful figure in the ruling party, leading a
programme of economic liberalisation. Many view nearly every
step the government takes as part of a plan for "tawreeth"
- Arabic for "handing down the inheritance".
On the political side, critics say, the government's
controversial democratic reforms, including changes to the
constitution last month, have served to pave the way for Gamal
to step in when the time comes.
Gamal's wedding - set for May 4,
Hosni Mubarak's 79th birthday - aims to cover the social side,
ensuring that he conforms with the family-man status expected
of an Arab leader, the critics say.
The fact that the 43-year-old former investment banker has
gone this long unwed has fuelled his image as out of step with
Egypt's conservative society, where men are expected to marry
in their 20s or early 30s.
Nor have the nuptials given Gamal a more down-to-earth image.
The bride, Khadiga el-Gamal, is the 24-year-old blonde
daughter of a wealthy businessman, and their wedding is being
held in the expensive Sinai resort of Sharm el-Sheikh.
"Congratulations to the groom, you who are getting us as
your inheritance," popular protest poet Ahmed Fouad Negm
wrote in a recent sarcastic ode to the president's son.
"Groom of the nation... we know what you're up to."
Despite official denials, a father-son succession is taken as
more of a certainty among members of the ruling National
Democratic Party, where Gamal holds the post of deputy leader.
In the past year, debate within the party has moved beyond
whether Gamal should succeed his father to how best to carry
it out, said a party official close to the president's son.
The official agreed to discuss the party's inner workings only
if not quoted by name.
The Egyptians - Still Taken
For Granted
"Everything that has been done is aimed at facilitating
the transition of power to Gamal Mubarak," said Rabab el-Mahdi,
an opposition activist and a political science lecturer at the
American University in Cairo.
The United States, Egypt's top ally, has not weighed in on the
succession issue, saying it is a matter for Egyptians to
decide. But it has hosted Gamal Mubarak at the White House and
last year US President George Bush praised members of the
Egyptian cabinet who are close to the son as "young
reformers".
"He has impressed a lot of people in the West as a
competent and articulate figure," said Rosemary Hollis,
director of research at Chatham House, a London think tank.
"But his possible succession has increased cynicism among
Egyptians about the West's commitment to democracy in the
Middle East."
Hosni Mubarak, who has ruled for a quarter century, has four
more years left in his six-year term. One scenario is that
Gamal would be the ruling party's candidate for president in
the next election, expected in 2011.
But the constitutional amendments passed last month have
raised another possibility. One change provided for the prime
minister to fill in as president if the incumbent dies or is
incapacitated, raising speculation the son will be appointed
premier as a stepping stone.
A father-son succession would be a dramatic shift for Egypt,
where the legitimacy of the regime has rested heavily on the
1952 military coup that ended the monarchy.
Gamal Mubarak did not rise through the ranks of the armed
forces, unlike his father and the three previous presidents,
raising questions whether the army would accept him as leader.
'Democrazy'
of a Pharaoh: Heir of Pharaoh continue to imprison Brotherhood
members
Sun March 18th, 2007
Eleven members of the Muslim Brotherhood have been arrested in
Egypt, increasing pressure on the opposition group ahead of a
vote on constitutional laws.
The arrests bring to 47 the number of Brotherhood members
detained this week since the group said it would boycott a
parliamentary vote on the amendments, due to start on
Sunday.
Egypt's parliament, dominated by the ruling party of Husni
Mubarak, the president, is expected to pass the constitutional
measures, which include a ban on political work based on
religion.
Once approved, the amendments will be put to a popular
referendum in April.
Political analysts say the government will use the constitutional amendments to stop the Muslim Brotherhood before it makes electoral gains that could help it mount a serious threat to Mubarak's rule.
Hazem Farouk, a member of the Muslim Brotherhood's parliament bloc, said the latest arrests occurred on Friday when 14 men, including 11 working at his office, were distributing medical supplies in Cairo.
"We were not organising a protest or anything, we were just distributing medical supplies among the poor people," he said.
"We are suffering from discrimination because of our beliefs and political thinking," he said
Farouk said the men were being detained despite an order from a public prosecutor to release them.
Condemned
The proposed amendments would weaken the role of judges in monitoring elections and give police greater powers of arrest and wide authority to monitor private communications.
Amnesty International urged Egyptian politicians on Saturday to reject the proposals, calling them the "greatest erosion of human rights in 26 years."
"The proposed constitutional amendments would simply entrench the long-standing system of abuse under Egypt's state of emergency powers and give the misuse of those powers a bogus legitimacy," said Hassiba Hadj
Sahraoui, deputy director of Amnesty International's Middle East and North Africa
programme.
The Muslim Brotherhood operates openly despite being banned since 1954.
Members running as independents hold nearly one-fifth of the 454-seat lower house of parliament.
Authorities and state media accuse the Brotherhood of aiming to establish a religious theology through extremism.
The group, which rejects violence, says it wants a democratic state that does not exclude non-Muslims from power.
Hosni Mubarak: A Modern Brutal Dictator Or Heir Of Pharaoh? Wonder
The Brothers
As Egyptian police continue to detain leading members of the opposition Muslim Brotherhood group in nationwide
raids - the latest Mahmud Ghozlan, who belongs to the group's guidance bureau - its highest decision-making body - was arrested late on Monday
12th March 2007 as the Egyptian regime intensify its searching
of homes countrywide.
Meet Mr. President Of Egypt
The 'reigning' Pharaoh
Following the assassination of President
Sadat by fundamentalists in 1981, Mubarak became President of
the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Chairman of the National
Democratic Party (NDP). Mubarak has escaped no fewer than six
assassination attempts made by his own friends including the
United States and Israel.
Egypt was the only country in the history
of the Arab League to be suspended from its membership due to
President Sadat's peace treaty with Israel, but it re-gained
admission to the league - eight years after the 6 October 1981
assassination of Sadat - in 1989, under Mubarak. Its
headquarters was relocated to its original setting in Cairo.
A dramatic drop in support for Mubarak
occurred with the news that his son Alaa was favoured in
government tenders and privatization. With both of his sons
owning directly and indirectly shares in vast number of
companies and minor projects, Mubarak's corruption is leading
a series of corruption cases among his cabinet of minor
governmental employees.
As Alaa left the picture around the year
2000, Mubarak's second son Gamal started rising in the
National Democratic Party and succeeded in getting a newer
generation of neo-liberals into the party, and eventually the
government. Due to Gamal's increasing visibility and
influence, rumours about his being groomed for the presidency
became common. Nevertheless, this was publicly refuted by the
president several times. Many believe that his succession
would mean a hereditary pseudo-monarchy
Egypt:
Terrorism Trial Shows Serious Flaws
Torture
Allegedly Used to Coerce Confessions
The dictator Hosni Said Mubarak and
whoever is working with him – including his corrupt family
members – in continuous oppression of the Muslims in the
Nile should immediately order a retrial for three men
convicted of playing a role in the October 2004 terrorist
attacks in Sinai resort town of Taba, a report said.
Serious allegations of torture and forced
confessions, as well as prolonged incommunicado detention and
lack of consultation with counsel, raise significant doubts
about the fairness of the trial, which the world monitored.
An exceptional State Security Court in
Isma`iliyya on November 30 sentenced Yunis Muhammad Mahmud `Alian
to death for terrorism, murder, and belonging to a terrorist
group in connection with the Taba attack. The court also
sentenced Osama Muhammad `Abd al-Ghani al-Nakhlawi and
Muhammad Jayiz Sabbah Hussein to death for terrorism, being an
accessory to a murder, belonging to a terrorist group and
other crimes related to the Taba attacks. It sentenced 10
other men to between five and 25 years in prison for their
alleged role in the attacks. All of them claimed to have been
tortured and forced to confess, and none of them were allowed
to meet at all with their lawyers during their pretrial
detentions, or to meet privately with them during the course
of their trials.
The court, which will issue its full
verdict within the next two weeks, was set up under provisions
of Egypt’s Emergency Law. While its verdicts may not be
appealed, President Mubarak may order a retrial or change the
verdicts.
“The defendants’ allegations of
torture, forced confessions and lack of access to counsel
raise serious doubts about the fairness of this trial,” said
a journalist. “Particularly since the defendants face
execution, Mubarak should order a new trial that will respect
due process.”
The defendants, including those who were
not sentenced to death, say they will begin a hunger-strike to
protest their trial and poor prison conditions on December 20.
After bombings in Taba killed 34 people
on October 7, 2004, State Security officers arbitrarily
arrested between 2,500 and 3,000 people. State Security
officers detained Muhammad Jayiz on October 22, 2004, and held
him without charge. Despite repeated requests, they refused to
grant him access to a lawyer until the first day of his trial
on July 2, 2005.
At Jayiz’s first court hearing, he
testified that State Security officers had kept him
blindfolded, bound, and unaware of his location, and had hung
him by his arms and legs and used electrical currents to
torture him for a week before he confessed at his second
meeting with a State Security prosecutor, on November 4, 2004.
In his testimony to the court, Jayiz emphasized that he had
agreed to the confession only because he feared further
torture, and that while he had told the prosecutor about his
torture and requested medical attention and a lawyer, the
prosecutor had denied his requests.
Jayiz only obtained a lawyer when
Egyptian lawyer Ahmed Seif al-Islam presented himself to the
court during the first trial date and said he wished to
represent him. This was his first contact with the defendant.
At that time, the court granted their request for a medical
examination. The court moved to a private session, which a
lawyer on behalf of international organizations was allowed to
attend, during which Jayiz was stripped of his clothes so the
court could examine whether he had physical signs of torture,
and subsequently allowed a doctor to examine him. A medical
report from this exam, dated July 7, 2005—more than eight
months after the time Jayiz alleged the torture took
place—noted injuries that could be consistent with torture,
but said that “because time had passed, and because they
were not inspected at the time [the injuries] were received,
it was impossible to tell how or when they were received.”
Seif al-Islam was able to meet with Jayiz in prison on July
13, 2005, but only in the presence of a State Security
officer.
State Security officers arrested Osama
Muhammad on August 12, 2005. He was one of hundreds of men
detained after three explosions killed 67 people in the resort
town of Sharm al-Shaikh on July 23. He first saw a State
Security prosecutor on August 22, 2005, and signed a written
confession on his role in the Taba bombings during this first
meeting. He later testified that State Security officers had
tortured him during his initial detention.
Muhammad was not represented by a lawyer
until he first appeared in court. During his trial, he was
able to communicate with his lawyer only through the bars of
the cage in the courtroom with a State Security officer
standing close by.
The court granted his lawyers’ request
for a medical examination when his trial opened on March 26,
2006, but the medical examination did not occur until two
months later—nine months after Muhammad said he was first
tortured. The report, dated May 27, noted injuries that could
be consistent with torture, but was unable to determine the
cause of his injuries because so much time had passed.
State Security officers arrested Yunis
Muhammad on September 28, 2005. He signed a written confession
during his first appointment with a State Security prosecutor
on November 20. He subsequently told the court that State
Security officers tortured him in order to extract his
confession before he saw the prosecutor.
He first had access to counsel when he
first appeared in court on March 26, along with Osama Muhammad
and 13 other new defendants introduced at that session, but,
like the others, was able to communicate with his counsel only
through the bars of the cage in the courtroom throughout his
trial. Although defense lawyers requested a medical
examination on this first court date, the exam did not take
place until May 27. A medical report from that date also noted
injuries that could be consistent with torture, but again was
unable to determine their cause because of the amount of time
that had passed since the alleged torture took place.
Egypt’s Emergency Law allows for
prolonged incommunicado detention, in contravention of
international legal standards on the right to a fair trial and
to adequate representation by a lawyer. It is during such
periods of prolonged incommunicado detention when detainees
are at greatest risk of abuse, and it is during this time that
all three defendants alleged having been tortured to force
them to confess.
“By allowing security services to hide
suspects from the world for months at a time, Egypt’s
Emergency Law makes it easy for investigators to mistreat them
with impunity,” Whitson said. “By the time the detainees
see the light of day, it’s difficult to prove whether their
allegations about being tortured into confessing are true.”
A lawyer who attended the trial on behalf
of international organizations noted numerous other
irregularities. The court, for example, was not troubled that
Yunis Muhammad confessed to having used a different kind of
bomb, in a different place, and using a different car than
investigators at the crime scene had concluded had been used
and placed.
“Given the seriousness of the charges,
the Egyptian government should have bent over backwards to
ensure they had a fair trial,” Whitson said. “If President
Mubarak is going to convince Egyptians that these men are
truly guilty of the terrible attacks in Taba, he should insist
they get a new trial that complies with basic standards of due
process.”
The International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights, which Egypt ratified in 1982, holds that
defendants should have adequate time to prepare for their
defense with counsel of their choosing, and that convicts
should have the right to appeal their convictions and
sentences to a higher tribunal. The Convention Against
Torture, which Egypt ratified in 1986, holds that, “No
exceptional circumstances whatsoever, whether a state of war
or a threat of war, internal political in stability or any
other public emergency, may be invoked as a justification of
torture.”
The world also raised serious concern
about the death penalty sentence against the men.
International bodies oppose capital punishment in all
circumstances because of its cruel and inhumane nature. The
cornerstone of the Muslims is respect for the inherent dignity
of all human beings and the inviolability of the human person.
These principles cannot be reconciled with the death penalty,
a form of punishment that is unique in its barbarity and
finality. The intrinsic fallibility of all criminal justice
systems assures that even when full due process of law is
respected, innocent persons may be executed.
International human rights standards
stipulate that where the death penalty has not been abolished,
it be imposed only in cases where due process has been
scrupulously applied, including the right of the defendant to
competent defense counsel, to be presumed innocent until
proven guilty, and to appeal both the factual and legal
aspects of the case to a higher tribunal.
Egypt: Muslim Brotherhood Detainees Face
Military Tribunals
Egypt should release the hundreds of
members of the Muslim Brotherhood detained solely for
exercising their rights to the Muslim brothers and
association, a reports. International organizations have
collected the names of 226 members of the banned, nonviolent
organization, Egypt’s largest opposition group, currently
held by Egyptian authorities.
Security forces originally arrested
Khairat al-Shatir, deputy supreme guide of the Muslim
Brotherhood, and 16 other prominent members of the
organization in simultaneous predawn raids on December 14,
along with more than 140 students from Al-Azhar University,
and later charged them with supplying the students with combat
training, knives, and chains. On January 29, a Cairo criminal
court judge dismissed all charges against al-Shatir and his
co-defendants and ordered their immediate release. The judge
in his ruling specifically called on the government to respect
his decision. The government ignored the judge’s order.
Moments after their acquittal, al-Shatir and 15 other senior
members were re-arrested by the police. On February 6,
President Hosni Mubarak, acting in his capacity as commander
of the military, transferred their cases and those of 24 other
Muslim Brotherhood members to a military tribunal.
“Re-arresting these men moments after
their acquittal shows a complete contempt for the rule of law
and shocking disrespect for the court,” said a human right
activist. “This escalation in the crackdown on the Muslim
Brotherhood has worrying implications for anyone who
peacefully campaigns for change.”
Egypt’s Emergency Law, in place without
interruption since 1981, authorizes the president to refer
civilians to military trials. In 1995, in advance of
parliamentary elections in that year, the government arrested
many senior members of the Muslim Brotherhood and referred
their cases to military court, which convicted them of
nonviolent offenses and sentenced them to prison terms of up
to five years.
As a state party to the International
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), Egypt must
ensure that persons charged with criminal offenses have the
right to a fair trial. Article 14 of the ICCPR requires “a
fair and public hearing by a competent, independent and
impartial tribunal established by law,” and the right to
review of any conviction and sentence by a higher tribunal.
The Human Rights Committee – the body authorized to monitor
compliance with the ICCPR, which Egypt ratified in 1982 –
has stated that the trial of civilians by military courts
should be very exceptional and occur only under conditions
that genuinely afford full due process. In Egypt, military
courts’ judgments are final and cannot be appealed to a
higher court or tribunal, denying defendants full due-process
rights.
“Al-Shatir and the other Muslim
Brotherhood members should never have been arrested in the
first place,” Whitson said. “Now that an independent court
has said as much, the government is resorting to a military
tribunal to deliver the desired verdict.”
This most recent crackdown began last
spring, when the Muslim Brotherhood lent its support to judges
campaigning for judicial independence and clean elections.
Over subsequent months, security forces detained at least 792
members of the organization, many of them without charge. The
crackdown accelerated after students affiliated with the
organization on December 10 protested the conduct of student
union elections at Al-Azhar University wearing black hoods.
Though the students later apologized for the demonstration and
leaders stressed that the group has no militia and is
committed to peaceful change, hundreds of members have since
been arrested. On January 28, public prosecutor `Abd al-Magid
Mahmud ordered al-Shatir’s assets, and those of 28 other
members of the Muslim Brotherhood, frozen on the grounds that
they financed a banned organization.
The acceleration in arrests coincides
with an escalation in the political confrontation between the
Muslim Brotherhood and the government. In an interview
released January 11, President Mubarak called the Muslim
Brotherhood “a threat to national security.” Soon after,
the group’s supreme guide, Mahdi `Akef, said that the group
would apply for the first time to register as a legal
political party in response to proposed constitutional
amendments that would exclude Muslim Brotherhood-affiliated
candidates from future elections, including elections for the
upper house of Parliament this spring. On January 26, Interior
Minister Habib al-`Adli, responding on state television to a
journalist’s erroneous assertion that the Muslim Brotherhood
claims 3,000 of its members are in prison, rejected the claim,
but suggested that the government should “complete that
number,” apparently by arresting hundreds more.
“By trying to crush Egypt’s largest
opposition movement, the government has shown once again that
it cannot tolerate any criticism,” said Whitson. “All
political parties and groupings in Egypt, including the Muslim
Brotherhood, should be able to peacefully express their views,
even when criticizing the government.”
--------------
According to the Muslim Brotherhood, the following members of the group were detained as of February 13, 2007:
Facing Military Trial:
1. Muhammad Khairat Sa`d `Abd al-Latif al-Shatir, Cairo
governorate, Tura Prison
2. Ayman Ahmad `Abd al-Ghani Hasanain, Cairo governorate, Tura Prison
3. Ahmad `Iz al-Din Ahmad Muhammad al-Ghul, Cairo governorate, Tura Prison
4. Mahmud Ahmad Muhammad Abu Zaid, Cairo governorate, Tura Prison
5. Salah al-Dusuqi `Ammar Murad, Cairo governorate, Tura Prison
6. `Isam `Abd al-Muhsin `Afifi Muhammad, Giza governorate, Tura Prison
7. Yasir Mahmud Muhammad `Abdo, Giza governorate, Tura Prison
8. Sadiq `Abd al-Rahman Sadiq al-Sharqawi, Cairo governorate, Tura Prison
9. Mamduh Ahmad `Abd al-Mu`ti al-Husaini, Cairo governorate, Tura Prison
10. Sayyid Ma`ruf Abu al-Yazid Musbah, Cairo governorate, Tura Prison
11. Fathi Muhammad Baghdadi `Ali Muhammad, Cairo governorate, Tura Prison
12. Mahmud al-Mursi Muhammad Qawra, Cairo governorate, Tura Prison
13. Muhammad Muhanna Hasan Musa, Cairo governorate, Tura Prison
14. Gamal Mahmud Sha`ban al-Sayyid, Alexandria governorate, Tura Prison
15. Farid `Ali Ahmad Galabat, Cairo governorate, Tura Prison
16. Mustafa Muhammad Mahmud Salim, Cairo governorate, Tura Prison
17. Muhammad `Ali Fathi Yalbagh, Cairo governorate, Tura Prison
18. Ahmad Mahmud Muhammad Shusha, Cairo governorate, Tura Prison
19. Ahmad Ashraf Muhammad Mustafa `Abd al-Warith, Cairo
governorate, Tura Prison
20. Hasan `Iz al-Din Yusif Malik, Cairo governorate, Tura Prison
21. Muhammad Mahmud Hafith Muhammad, Cairo governorate, Tura Prison
22. Muhammad `Ali Isma`il Bashar, al-Munufiyya governorate, Tura Prison
23. Midhat Mahmud Ahmad al-Hadad, Alexandria governorate, Tura Prison
24. Usama `Abd al-Muhsin `Abdullah Shirbi, Alexandria
governorate, Tura Prison
25. Khalid `Abd al-Qadir `Ali `Oda, Asyut governorate, Tura Prison
26. `Abd al-Rahman Muhammad Muhammad Mustafa Sa`udi, Giza
governorate, Tura Prison
27. `Isam `Abd al-Halim Ibrahim Hashish, Giza governorate, Tura Prison
28. Diya’ al-Din al-Sayyid `Abd al-Magid Farahat, Cairo
governorate, Tura Prison
29. Mahmud `Abd al-Latif `Ali `Abd al-Gawwad, Alexandria
governorate, Tura Prison
30. Sa`id Sa`d `Ali `Abdo, Kafr al-Shaikh governorate, Tura Prison
31. Ahmad Ahmad Ahmad al-Nahhas, Alexandria governorate, Tura Prison
32. Amir Muhammad Bissham al-Naggar, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Tura Prison
Not facing military trial as of February 13, 2007:
33. `Abd al-Rahman Gad al-Rab Muhammad Ibrahim, al-Minya
governorate, Tura Prison
34. `Abd al-Rahman Ramadan Shahin al-Musailahi, Suez
governorate, Tura Prison
35. Muhammad Ahmad Muhammad al-Dahawi, al-Munufiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
36. Muhammad `Ali `Ali al-Garrahi, al-Daqahliyya governorate, Tura Prison
37. Islam Basyuni Basyuni al-Qa`id, Buhaira governorate, Tura Prison
38. Muhammad Sa`d Ibrahim al-`Isawi, al-Gharbiyya governorate, Tura Prison
39. Ahmad al-Shazli `Abd al-Gawwad Khalil, Giza governorate, Tura Prison
40. `Abdullah Sa`id `Abdullah Muhammad Salim, al-Sharqiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
41. Muhammad Gum`a `Obaid `Abd al-Ghani, al-Sharqiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
42. Mahmud al-Sayyid Muhammad al-Sayyid, al-Gharbiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
43. Muhammad Muhammad Fathi Ibrahim, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Tura Prison
44. Hisham Abu Bakr Muhammad `Ali Rashid, al-Gharbiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
45. `Abd al-Latif Muhammad `Abd al-Mu`ti `Abd al-Latif, al-Gharbiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
46. Hamada Muhammad Nur `Iyad, al-Gharbiyya governorate, Tura Prison
47. Mahmud Abu al-Hamd Mahmud Shaf`i, Fayum governorate, Tura Prison
48. Muhammad Mahmud Muhammad Mahmud al-Naggar, Fayum
governorate, Tura Prison
49. Muhammad Gamal Kamal al-Shalaqani, Fayum governorate, Tura Prison
50. Usama Mustafa `Abd al-Wahhab `Abd al-`Aziz, Fayum
governorate, Tura Prison
51. Muhammad Hilmi Ahmad Dusuqi, Kafr al-Shaikh governorate, Tura Prison
52. Muhammad Mustafa Muhammad Shalata, al-Munufiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
53. Tariq Sa`id Muhammad al-Mishd, al-Gharbiyya governorate, Tura Prison
54. Yasir Muhammad Yasir Muhammad `Abd al-Halim, al-Sharqiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
55. Muhammad Fu’ad `Abd al-Magid al-Rifa`i, al-Daqahliyya
governorate, Tura Prison
56. Muhammad `Awad al-Mursi Isma`il, Dumyat governorate, Tura Prison
57. Muhammad Galal `Abd al-Mun`im Shamya, al-Gharbiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
58. Mahmud Gamal Mahmud Shibli, al-Gharbiyya governorate, Tura Prison
59. Walid Shahir al-Din al-Gali `Abd al-Salam, Kafr al-Shaikh
governorate, Tura Prison
60. Ahmad Shawqi Husain al-Barbari, al-Gharbiyya governorate, Tura Prison
61. Muhammad `Adil `Abd al-`Aziz al-`Ishri, al-Gharbiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
62. Muhammad Tariq Ahmad Hashim, Buhaira governorate, Tura Prison
63. Ahmad Muhammad Kamil Muhammad `Ali, Suhag governorate, Tura Prison
64. Ahmad Husain Mahmud Sab`, al-Daqahliyya governorate, Tura Prison
65. Ahmad Muhammad Qotb Siyam, al-Gharbiyya governorate, Tura Prison
66. Mahmud Matar Mahmud Sabbah, N Sinai governorate, Tura Prison
67. Ahmad Tharwat al-Sayyid `Ataya, Suhag governorate, Tura Prison
68. Ahmad Gad al-Karim `Abd al-Rahim `Uthman, Suhag
governorate, Tura Prison
69. `Abdullah Muhammad Ahmad al-Murshidi, Kafr al-Shaikh
governorate, Tura Prison
70. Al-Mun`asim Billah `Imad `Ashur al-Barbari, Dumyat
governorate, Tura Prison
71. Ahmad Mustafa `Abd al-Qadir `Uthman, al-Sharqiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
72. Muhammad `Abd al-Hadi Ramadi `Abd al-Hadi, Fayum
governorate, Tura Prison
73. `Abd al-Sitar Muhammad `Abd al-Mun`im Muhammad Khair al-Din,
al-Qalubiyya governorate, Tura Prison
74. Ahmad `Abd al-Sitar `Abd al-Wahhab `Abd al-Gawwad, Bani Suwaif
governorate, Tura Prison
75. Ahmad Sulaiman Farag `Oda, Isma`iliyya governorate, Tura Prison
76. Hassan Muhammad Hassan Muhammad `Awwad, al-Daqahliyya
governorate, Tura Prison
77. Walid `Abd al-Mutagalli Mukarram Allah Ahmad, Asyut
governorate, Tura Prison
78. Rami Sayyid Mahmud Ibrahim, al-Qalubiyya governorate, Tura Prison
79. `Amr Abu Sari` Husain, Giza governorate, Tura Prison
80. Ahmad al-Tayyib Muhammad Abu al-Magd, Qina governorate, Tura Prison
81. `Abdullah Muhammad Sa`d Sukkar, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Tura Prison
82. `Atiyya Khairi Muhammad Abu al-`Ila, al-Gharbiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
83. Ahmad al-Baili `Abd al-Bari `Ali, al-Daqahliyya
governorate, Tura Prison
84. Muhammad al-Mutawalli Muhammad Ibrahim Khayal, al-Daqahliyya
governorate, Tura Prison
85. Muhammad Sabir Ibrahim `Obaid, Alexandria governorate, Tura Prison
86. Ahmad Fathi `Ula `Ula `Awad, al-Daqahliyya governorate, Tura Prison
87. Khalil Husain Khalil, al-Gharbiyya governorate, Tura Prison
88. Mu`ath `Adil `Abd al-`Aziz al-`Ishri, al-Gharbiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
89. `Atiyya Muhammad `Atiyya Ibrahim al-Bayyumi, al-Sharqiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
90. Ahmad Hasan al-Sayyid `Abd al-Hadi, al-Munufiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
91. Zaki Ahmad Zaki Muhammad, Buhaira governorate, Tura Prison
92. Hani Ahmad Bakr `Allam, al-Daqahliyya governorate, Tura Prison
93. Muhammad al-Sayyid Ahmad Ahmad Kanani, al-Daqahliyya
governorate, Tura Prison
94. Mahmud Sha`ban Zakariyya `Uwais, Bani Suwaif governorate, Tura Prison
95. Muhammad `Abd al-Ra’uf `Ali Ahmad, N Sinai governorate, Tura Prison
96. Gamal Muhammad `Ali `Abd al-Rahim, Suhag governorate, Tura Prison
97. Muhammad al-Sa`id `Abd al-Rahman Tayil, Kafr al-Shaikh
governorate, Tura Prison
98. `Abd al-Rahman Mustafa `Abd al-Wahhab, Fayum governorate, Tura Prison
99. Usama Ahmad `Id `Abdullah, Bani Suwaif governorate, Tura Prison
100. Muhammad Hasan Muhammad al-Banna, Buhaira governorate, Tura Prison
101. Sa`id Ragab Shilqami, Bani Suwaif governorate, Tura Prison
102. Kamil al-Sayyid Ahmad Ibrahim, al-Daqahliyya governorate, Tura Prison
103. Hatim `Abd al-Hamid Muhammad Ibrahim, al-Sharqiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
104. `Amro Tal`at Mahmud `Abd al-Karim, Buhaira governorate, Tura Prison
105. Husain Ishaq Muhammad Ibrahim, Fayum governorate, Tura Prison
106. `Isam Ibrahim Abu al-Yazid `Arafa, al-Gharbiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
107. `Abd al-Hamid al-Sa`id `Abd al-Hamid al-Salakhawi, al-Daqahliyya
governorate, Tura Prison
108. Muhammad Ahmad Muhammad al-Taya, Luxor governorate, Tura Prison
109. Gamal Ibrahim `Ali al-Samahi, Kafr al-Shaikh governorate, Tura Prison
110. Muhsin Muhammad Mahmud `Umara, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Tura Prison
111. Ahmad Muhammad `Abd al-Ra’uf, Suhag governorate, Tura Prison
112. Muhammad Ibrahim Ibrahim al-Tahan, Buhaira governorate, Tura Prison
113. Karam `Umran `Abd al-Rahman al-Siddiq, Qina governorate, Tura Prison
114. `Adil `Abd al-Rahim Yunis `Abd al-Rahim, Buhaira
governorate, Tura Prison
115. Ahmad al-Sayyid Fahim Hamam, al-Daqahliyya governorate, Tura Prison
116. `Ali al-Sayyid `Abd al-Ra’uf `Ali Abu Si`da, Kafr al-Shaikh
governorate, Tura Prison
117. `Umran `Abd al-Magid `Abd al-Latif `Umran, Giza
governorate, Tura Prison
118. Sa`d Amin Sa`d Makki, al-Gharbiyya governorate, Tura Prison
119. Ashraf Ahmad `Uthman, al-Daqahliyya governorate, Tura Prison
120. Ahmad `Abd al-`Ati Ahmad Isma`il, Bani Suwaif governorate, Tura Prison
121. Muhammad `Abd al-`Aziz Zaidan `Abd al-`Aziz, al-Daqahliyya
governorate, Tura Prison
122. Muhammad `Abd al-Mun`im Gum`a Shahin, Buhaira governorate, Tura Prison
123. `Abd al-Munsaf Mustafa `Abd al-Wahhab, al-Gharbiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
124. Ahmad `Atif Muhammad Mahmud, Fayum governorate, Tura Prison
125. Muhammad Ibrahim `Ali Ibrahim Abu al-Naga, Kafr al-Shaikh
governorate, Tura Prison
126. Hazim Muhammad Ahmad Muhammad, Fayum governorate, Tura Prison
127. Ahmad al-Husaini al-Sayyid Ahmad, al-Sharqiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
128. Saddam Khattab Labib Badawi, Kafr al-Shaikh governorate, Tura Prison
129. Usama al-Baz Radi Muhammad, al-Mansura Prison, Tura Prison
130. Wa’il Taha al-Sinusi Higazi, al-Munufiyya governorate, Tura Prison
131. `Imad al-Din Ahmad Hasanain Higazi, al-Gharbiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
132. `Ammar Muhammad `Abd al-`Athim `Abd al-Magid, al-Sharqiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
133. Ibrahim Hasan Muhammad Zaghlul, Kafr al-Shaikh
governorate, Tura Prison
134. Muhammad `Atif Muhammad al-Sayyid al-Qusbi, Buhaira
governorate, Tura Prison
135. Taha Mulhim Hin `Abd al-`Aziz, al-Daqahliyya governorate, Tura Prison
136. Samih Higazi Muhammad `Abdullah, Buhaira governorate, Tura Prison
137. Sahib Muhammad Shawkat `Ali al-Malt, al-Sharqiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
138. Mu`ath Muhammad Shafiq `Awadallah, al-Sharqiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
139. Hamdi `Abd al-Magid Isma`il Hamid, al-Gharbiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
140. Muhammad `Abd al-Magid Muhammad Mustafa, al-Sharqiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
141. Samih Ahmad Ma’mun al-Baltagi, al-Daqahliyya
governorate, Tura Prison
142. Islam Ahmad Ibrahim al-Dusuqi, al-Munufiyya governorate, Tura Prison
143. Rida Mustafa `Awad Ibrahim, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Tura Prison
144. Muhammad Salah Mustafa `Abd al-Rahim, Buhaira governorate, Tura Prison
145. Mahmud Fathi Salim `Ali, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Tura Prison
146. Ahmad Bindari Ibrahim Muhammad, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Tura Prison
147. Rabi` Mu`awwad Ragab Yusif, Bani Suwaif governorate, Tura Prison
148. Muhammad Muhammad Ahmad `Abd al-Khaliq, Suhag governorate, Tura Prison
149. Walid `Abd al-Tawwab `Abd al-Gawwad Muhammad, Fayum
governorate, Tura Prison
150. Yihya al-Sayyid Ibrahim Muhammad, al-Sharqiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
151. Gamal Tal`at Sa`id Muhammad, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Tura Prison
152. Ibrahim Nasr al-Din Sayyid Hasan, al-Qalubiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
153. Ahmad Muhammad Ahmad `Abd al-Ma`bud, Fayum governorate, Tura Prison
154. Mustafa Hasan Salama, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Tura Prison
155. Muhammad Ahmad `Abd al-Rahman al-Naggar, al-Sharqiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
156. Mahmud Muhammad Husain Ahmad, Qina governorate, Tura Prison
157. Wahdan Muhammad Hasan Musallam, Kafr al-Shaikh
governorate, Tura Prison
158. Ibrahim Rabi` Ibrahim, al-Minya governorate, Tura Prison
159. Wa’il Guda Muhammad Ibrahim, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Tura Prison
160. Yusri al-Sayyid Mustafa Shihata, al-Munufiyya governorate, Tura Prison
161. Ahmad Muhammad Mahmud Abu Hasan, Buhaira governorate, Tura Prison
162. Mustafa Fathi Mustafa Fathi Farag Yunis, al-Munufiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
163. `Abd al-Mun`im Muhammad Hasan al-Badawi, Kafr al-Shaikh
governorate, Tura Prison
164. Basyuni Muhammad `Abd al-Raziq, Kafr al-Shaikh
governorate, Tura Prison
165. Ahmad Muhammad Sa`d Ramadan, Kafr al-Shaikh governorate, Tura Prison
166. Mahmud Ahmad Fu’ad al-Sayyid al-Shami, al-Gharbiyya
governorate, Tura Prison
167. Al-Sayyid al-Sayyid Ahmad Salim, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Burg al-`Arab Prison
168. Baha’ Muhammad `Abd al-Rahman, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Burg al-`Arab Prison
169. Tal`at Salah al-Din Husain, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Burg al-`Arab Prison
170. Al-Shabrawi Muhammad al-Shabrawi, al-Sharqiyya
governorate, Burg al-`Arab Prison
171. `Ali `Abd al-Ra’uf Isma`il, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Burg al-`Arab Prison
172. Munir Ahmad Mabruk Hatata, al-Munufiyya governorate, Burg al-`Arab Prison
173. Muhammad Fahim Muhammad Tahun, al-Munufiyya governorate, Burg al-`Arab Prison
174. Ramadan `Abd al-Hamid `Abd al-Gawwad Isma`il, al-Daqahliyya
governorate, Burg al-`Arab Prison
175. Fakhr al-Din al-Rifa`i Ahmad Ghanim, al-Daqahliyya
governorate, Burg al-`Arab Prison
176. Hamam Muhammad Ibrahim `Abd al-Fattah, al-Daqahliyya
governorate, Burg al-`Arab Prison
177. `Abd al-Fattah Qasim `Abd al-Fattah Badr, al-Daqahliyya
governorate, Burg al-`Arab Prison
178. `Abd al-`Athim Husain Shaltut, al-Gharbiyya governorate, Wadi
al-Natrun Prison
179. Mahmud Muhammad Sulaiman Mahgub Rihab, al-Gharbiyya
governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
180. Khalid Hashim `Abd al-Qadir Rihab, al-Gharbiyya
governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
181. Muhammad `Ali Dirgham, al-Gharbiyya governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
182. Muhammad Yusif al-Shura, al-Gharbiyya governorate, Wadi
al-Natrun Prison
183. Ayman Mahmud Shura al-Shaf`i, al-Gharbiyya governorate, Wadi
al-Natrun Prison
184. Wahid `Abd al-Muhsin al-Qazaz, al-Gharbiyya governorate, Wadi
al-Natrun Prison
185. `Ala’ al-Din Mahmud Muhammad Badra, al-Gharbiyya
governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
186. Muhammad Ahmad `Abd al-Ghani Hasanain, al-Sharqiyya
governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
187. `Abdullah Guda al-Bahrawi, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Wadi
al-Natrun Prison
188. Yasir Rushdi Muhammad Yusif, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Wadi
al-Natrun Prison
189. Muhammad `Abd al-Rahim Habib, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Wadi
al-Natrun Prison
190. Amir Muhammad Bassam, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
191. Muhsin Anwar Qahwa, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
192. Muhammad `Izzat, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
193. Mahir `Abd al-Latif, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
194. Usama Ibrahim, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
195. Muhammad Nagib `Abd al-Ghani, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Wadi
al-Natrun Prison
196. Hasan `Uthman, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
197. Hamdi `Allam, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
198. Muhammad `Awda, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
199. Ashraf Baghdadi, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
200. Tamir Subhi, al-Sharqiyya governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
201. Muhammad Mustafa Isma`il Hindi, Giza governorate, Wadi
al-Natrun Prison
202. `Amro Muhammad Sa`d Haggag, Giza governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
203. Mustafa Hasan `Abbas, Giza governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
204. `Ali Nasrallah Zabadi, Giza governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
205. Mustafa Ahmad `Abd al-Ghani, Bani Suwaif governorate, Wadi
al-Natrun Prison
206. `Abd al-Halim `Amr Ahmad Hasanain, Bani Suwaif
governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
207. `Imad Hamdi Gabr, Fayum governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
208. `Abd al-Rahman `Abd al-`Aziz Sulaiman, Fayum governorate, Wadi
al-Natrun Prison
209. Muhammad Fikri `Abd al-`Al, Fayum governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
210. Bakri Rabi` Muhammad, Fayum governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
211. `Amr Husain Riyad, Fayum governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
212. Nasir Mahmud Musa Mana`, Fayum governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
213. Hasan `Anbar, Suhag governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
214. Muhammad `Abd al-`Aziz, Cairo governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
215. Muhammad Farag, Cairo governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
216. Muhammad Ziyada, Cairo governorate, Wadi al-Natrun Prison
217. Hamid Mansur, Cairo governorate, al-Mansura Prison
218. Muhammad Zakariyya Mahmud, al-Daqahliyya governorate, al-Mansura Prison
219. Muhammad `Abd al-Rahman Yusif, al-Daqahliyya governorate,
al-Mansura Prison
220. Muhammad `Abd al-Ghani Farag, al-Daqahliyya governorate,
al-Mansura Prison
221. Muhammad Nagib al-Naggar, al-Daqahliyya governorate, Tanta Prison
222. Ahmad Muhammad al-Shinawi al-Naggar, al-Gharbiyya
governorate, Tanta Prison
223. `Ala’ Ahmad Sayyid Ahmad Gharaba, al-Gharbiyya
governorate, Tanta Prison
224. Nasr Muhammad al-Sayyid Nur, al-Gharbiyya governorate, Tanta Prison
225. Muhammad Basyuni al-Qusbi, al-Gharbiyya governorate, Tanta Prison
226. Fawzi al-Murasi al-Dusuqi Nowfal, al-Gharbiyya
governorate, Tanta Prison
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