Scams
- 419 - Fraud - African Scammers :: Nigeria 419 :: Black
Fraudsters :: Fake Officials :: Be Warned!
Be
Vigilant. Be At Alert. Remain Careful!
From
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
An advance fee fraud is a confidence trick in
which the target is persuaded to advance
relatively small sums of money in the hope of
realizing a much larger gain. Among the
variations on this type of scam are the
Nigerian Letter (or 419 fraud) and "The
Spanish Prisoner."
Warnings
issued by United States government
The United States Federal Trade Commission has
issued a consumer alert about the Nigerian
scam. It says:
"If you receive an offer via email from
someone claiming to need your help getting
money out of Nigeria — or any other country,
for that matter — forward it to the FTC at
spam@uce.gov."[1]
The United States Department of the Treasury
maintains an email address to which the public
may send 419 related documents when they have
incurred no financial loss. These emails are
archived to assist in future investigations.
When reporting emails to this address, include
the full email headers. Because of the volume
of emails received, do not expect a reply.
Send to 419.fcd@usss.treas.gov.
If there is a financial loss, file a Financial
Loss complaint form online with the Internet
Crime Complaint Center, which is a partnership
between the National White Collar Crime Center
and the Federal Bureau of Investigation, at
http://www.ic3.gov. [2]
History
The 419 scam originated in the early 1990s as
the oil-based economy of Nigeria went
downhill. Several unemployed university
students first used this scam as a means of
manipulating business visitors interested in
shady deals in the Nigerian oil sector before
targeting businessmen in the west, and later
the wider population. Early variants were
often sent via letter, fax, or even Telex. The
spread of email and easy access to
email-harvesting software made the cost of
sending scam letters through the Internet
extremely cheap. While various figures claim
that the 419 scam employs as many as 250,000
people in Nigeria, in reality it has often
been linked to small organized gangs often
working in concert in western cities and in
Nigeria.[citation needed] In recent years, the
419 scam has spurred imitations from other
locations in Africa and Eastern Europe.
The number "419" refers to the article of the
Nigerian Criminal Code (part of Chapter 38:
"Obtaining Property by false pretences;
Cheating") dealing with fraud.[3] The American
Dialect Society has traced the term "419
fraud" back to 1992.[4]
In fact the advance fee fraud is a much older
scam than that, dating back to 1588 in the
form of a Spanish Prisoner scam.[5] The
fictitious prisoner would promise to share a
treasure with a person who would send them
money to bribe their guards.
Implementation
The 'investors' are contacted, typically with
an offer of the type "A rich person from the
needy country needs to discreetly move money
abroad, would it be possible to use your
account?". The sums involved are usually in
the millions of dollars, and the investor is
promised a large share, often forty percent.
The proposed deal is often presented as a
"harmless" white-collar crime, in order to
dissuade participants from later contacting
the authorities. Similarly, the money is often
said to be the embezzled funds of a recently
deposed or killed dictator. The operation is
professionally organized in Nigeria, with
offices, working fax numbers, and often
contacts at government offices. The investor
who attempts to research the background of the
offer will often find that all pieces fit
perfectly together.
If they then agree to the deal, the other side
will first send several documents bearing
official government stamps, seals etc., and
then introduce delays, such as "in order to
transmit the money, we need to bribe a bank
official. Could you help us with a loan?" or
"In order for you to be allowed to be a party
to the transaction, you need to have holdings
at a Nigerian bank of $100,000 or more" or
similar. More delays and more additional costs
are added, always keeping the promise of an
imminent large transfer alive. Sometimes
psychological pressure is added by claiming
that the Nigerian side, in order to pay
certain fees, had to sell all belongings and
borrow money on their house, or by pointing
out the different salary scale and living
conditions in Africa compared to the west.
Most of the time, however, the needed
psychological pressure is self-applied; once
the victim has put money in toward the payoff,
they feel they have a vested interest in
seeing the "deal" through.
In any case, the promised money transfer never
happens. The money or gold does not exist.
Such spam is often sent from Internet cafes
equipped with satellite Internet. Recipient
addresses and email content are copied and
pasted into a webmail interface using a
standalone storage medium, such as a memory
card. Many areas of Lagos, such as Festac,
contain many shady cybercafes that serve
scammers; many cybercafes seal their doors
during afterhours, such as from 10:30 PM to
7:00 AM, so that scammers inside may work
without fear of discovery [2].
Nigeria also contains many businesses that
provide false documents used in scams; after a
scam involving a forged signature of Nigerian
President Olusegun Obasanjo in summer 2005,
Nigerian authorities raided a market in the
Oluwole section of Lagos. The police seized
thousands of Nigerian and non-Nigerian
passports, 10,000 blank British Airways
boarding passes, 10,000 United States money
orders, customs documents, false university
certificates, 500 printing plates, and 500
computers [3].
Some London-based gangs have been known to use
spamware on laptops which they surreptitiously
connect to the cafe's network, but even this
software is notably out-of-date. While this
method is significantly more labour-intensive
per mail sent than others, it offers
near-total anonymity and allows them to very
quickly and easily relocate. The often very
professional layout of web pages and so on
used in the scams suggests that they do not
lack technical sophistication.
Suspicious signs in emails
As well as the email subject or contents,
there are often some clear signs that 419 scam
emails contain which should alert a recipient
to be suspicious:
"Name dropping" - the naming of a reputable
business, government body, or bank, or the
description of some event which is reported in
a reputable online newspaper. Often a link
will be provided to a newspaper report on the
death of a supposed bank account holder, or
the arrest of a supposed family member.
Inappropriate contact - for example, a lottery
win may be emailed by a person claiming to
work in a bank. Or, the sender claims to be a
lawyer but the email address does not look
like one written by a member of the legal
establishment.
Mobile phone numbers - the contact numbers
will be cell (mobile) phones, or fax, not
landline. In the UK, such numbers start with
+44-7, 07- or 7-, although with public VOIP
services increasingly available in major
financial centres, use of apparently land line
numbers (+44-20 for London) is on the rise.
Free email accounts - the reply-to email
address will often not match the company
claimed. Thus a person may claim to be writing
from HSBC (a major bank) but the email address
used is a free Yahoo account. Scammers will
sometimes attempt to forestall this criticism
by saying they are using their "private" email
address so their "bosses" will not discover
the plan.
Unearned praise - the email, from a complete
stranger, almost always speaks to the mark's
reputation for honesty, integrity, and above
all else discretion. The praise would be
strong even if it were not coming from a
complete stranger.
Also, common sense should prevail — one should
question the likelihood of an oppressed
wealthy foreigner, contacting them without
prior notice, requesting their help and
offering a large sum of money.
Variants
Invitation to visit the country
Sometimes, victims are invited to a country to
meet real or fake government officials. Some
victims who so travel are instead held for
ransom. In some rumoured cases they are
smuggled into the country without a visa and
then threatened into giving up more money, as
the penalties for being in a foreign country
without a visa are severe. In the most extreme
cases the victim has even been murdered.[6]
Credit
card use through IP Relay
In another variation of the scam, the scammer
places calls through IP Relay, a US federally
funded internet telerelay service for
deaf/hard of hearing/speech-disabled
individuals. The scammer calls various
businesses, attempting to purchase items with
stolen or fraudulent credit cards. Often,
individuals are targeted as well, most of whom
have advertised a product or service
online.[citation needed]
Typically, in an IP-Relay scam call, the
scammer will place several calls using a Relay
Operator. Calling to businesses or private
parties, the scammer will inquire about
merchandise/services offered, and then
immediately and with few questions asked,
attempt to purchase the merchandise. The
scammer (who refer to each other as "guyman")
then proceeds to ask the potential victim
(known in Nigeria as a "Mugu"; a Lagos pidgin
word for "fool") for an e-mail address, by
which he can contact the victim to proceed
with the closing of the fraudulent
transaction.[citation needed]
The scammer proceeds to send the victim a
counterfeit cheque or money order, with
instructions requiring that it be cashed, and
that excess funds be sent back to the scammer
(advance fee fraud). When it is determined by
the authorities that the money order is
counterfeit, the victim is usually arrested
and charged with various offenses relating to
the scam.
Credit-card fraud is not the only kind of
fraud reported through IP Relay. A relay
scammer typically will use IP Relay for all
fraudulent-related transactions/telephone
calls within the United States[citation
needed].
Often a scammer will browse through online
classified ads (such as craigslist.org) and
will use the IP Relay service to contact
sellers to make inquiries about the item
listed in the ad. Most commonly the scammers
target persons whose ads advertise live
animals (i.e. puppies), automobiles,
high-dollar electronic devices, etc. In this
scenario, the scammer sends the seller a
cheque for the advertised item with an
overpayment- The victim is given instructions
to cash the cheque or money-order and to wire
the remaining balance via Western Union or
Moneygram. The victim is at a loss in this
situation when the authorities discover the
cheque/money order is not legitimate.[citation
needed]
Because of current FCC regulations and
confidentiality laws, operators are required
to relay every call verbatim and must adhere
to a strict code of confidentiality and
ethics. Thus no relay operator is permitted to
make judgements about the legality and/or
legitimacy of any relay call and must relay
the call without interference. As such, the
relay operator cannot warn victims even when
they suspect that the call is a scam; Some
sources claim that up to half of all IP relay
calls are scams.[7]
Some IP Relay companies have certain fraud
criteria in which a supervisor is able to come
on the line and inform the person that has
been called that the call "fits a pattern of
fraudulent and illegal activity". It is then
up to the voice person whether or not he or
she wishes to continue the call.
Romance
angle
Main
article: Romance scam
A recent variant is the "Romance Scam" which
is a money-for-romance angle. The victim is
usually approached on an Online dating service
and becomes interested in a "lady" or "man"
who has attractive pictures posted, generally
stolen from online portfolios of modeling
agencies. The offending party claims to be
interested in meeting the victim, but needs
some cash up front in order to book the plane,
hotel room, and other expenses. In other cases
he or she may have just travelled to Nigeria
(for tourism or business) and has been
arrested by corrupt officials, stranded at a
hotel, has money orders (which are
counterfeit) that can't be cashed, or become
ill from eating the local food, and needs an
emergency wire transfer to bail or bribe
his/her way out. As with other variants, money
always seems to travel to Africa mainly via
Western Union, and the "lady" or "man" always
seems to come up with additional reasons for
requesting more funds. This version of the
scam is, at its core, identical to the classic
Spanish Prisoner con, which dates back to the
Renaissance. This type of scam also frequently
originates in Russia or Ukraine as well as
Nigeria.
Auction
overpayment, fake check
In another updated scam, the scammer offers to
buy some expensive item (e.g., jewelry or a
car, that the prospective victim advertised on
eBay, for example, or a legitimate
classified-ads website such as craigslist) by
official, certified, bank or cashier's check.
The check will have an "accidentally" or
mutually agreed higher value than the price of
the item, so the scammer asks the victim to
wire the extra money to some third party as
soon as the check clears. Because banks in the
USA are required by law to honor a check
within 1-5 working days (even before a check
has cleared),[8] they will report the proceeds
as available for withdrawal before the check
is presented to the issuing bank for clearance
and the fraud is discovered. Most banks will
hold the victim accountable for the value of
the counterfeit check.
A variation on the eBay scam involves sending
a request for payment for an item that the
alleged seller does not own but claims to have
sent. Since actual eBay item numbers are used
this has been a nuisance for legitimate
sellers.
False
escrow
Another method is after winning a bid on items
on the online auction site eBay (especially
laptops or other consumer electronics), to
suggest to use an escrow service. The escrow
service is fraudulent and part of the scam.
The victim will send the laptop or camera to
the escrow service, never to hear from the
scammer or escrow service again. The website
of the escrow service will typically go
offline after the victim has sent his goods.
Some scammers send e-mails masquerading as
official e-mails from PayPal to convince the
victim that the escrow method is perfectly
normal procedure; some of the e-mails contain
spelling errors.
A variation of this scam is to adopt a more
personal approach. The "buyer" bids for and
wins the item on sale, only to then claim that
it is actually to be a gift for a relative in
Nigeria and asks for it to be sent direct
there, even if the seller has specified that
he or she will ship only within his or her own
country. In order to facilitate the scam, the
fraudulent buyer will often create a brand new
legitimate eBay user account complete with a
false address that is apparently in the
seller's home country, but which will not pass
any kind of real inspection as the scammer
will often create errors with the spelling,
geography or postal code formats. As with
escrow scams, the eBay ID will disappear as
soon as the victim has sent the goods, and the
scammers tend to target inexperienced first
time, private sellers[9]
Hitman
An e-mail is sent to the victim's inbox,
supposedly from a hitman who has been hired by
a "close friend" of the recipient to kill
him/her, but will call off the hit in exchange
for a large sum of money. This is usually
backed up with a warning not to contact the
local police or FBI, or the "hitman" will be
forced to go through with the plan.[10] [4]
eBay/Western Union scam
This scam involves eBay and the appeal of high
priced goods, usually electronics, for a
bargain price. A seller will advertise an
item, (camera, laptop, plasma TV) at low cost.
The body of the ad instructs buyers to contact
the seller directly outside of eBay at a yahoo
or hotmail type account. When contact is made,
the seller gives a long story about his
problems receiving payment by Paypal - eBay's
payment arm. The seller insists that the buyer
send money by Western Union. The allure is
that the product is a huge bargain; (eg. $2000
item for $700) Of course, if money is sent, it
is gone forever and no product is ever
delivered. The phony seller usually has a list
of prepared e-mails to respond quickly to
questions from buyers; he'll go on about how
his integrity is important, how he wouldn't
risk his family's name, he's legit, check
'his' feedback etc.
The phoney seller makes the listing look
credible by using a real eBay id to list the
item. The real id has been stolen from a
legitimate seller with good feedback, usually
by means of e-mail phishing.
Lottery
scam
Main
article: Lottery scam
Lottery scam involves fake notices of lottery
wins. The winner will usually be asked to send
sensitive information to a free email account.
This is a form of advance fee fraud as money
in advance is often required and is also
similar to phishing.
Much like the Auction overpayment fraud
detailed above, a new variant of the lottery
scam involves fake or stolen checks being sent
to the 'winner' of the lottery (these checks
representing a part payment of the winnings).
The winner will then be more likely to assume
that the win is legitimate and subsequently
more likely to send the fee (which he does not
realize is an advance fee). The check, and
associated funds, will then be flagged by the
bank when the fraud is discovered and debited
from the victim's account.
Inheritance scam
A variant of the scam will appear to be sent
by a lawyer representing the estate of some
long-lost relative the victim never knows he
or she had (the victim's surname will be
inserted into the e-mail message) who perished
along with his or her family in a car or
airplane accident a short period of time ago
(usually a few months). The scammer will claim
to have gone to a lot of trouble to find the
victim in order to give him or her a share of
the millions of dollars available if the
victim will forward his or her bank account
information to the scammer.
False
online storefront scam
A website is set up offering
too-good-to-be-true prices on popular goods.
For an undisclosed reason payments cannot be
made using credit cards or check but only via
untraceable means such as Western Union or
e-gold. The buyer pays the money but never
receives the goods, and is unable to reverse
the transaction.
Classified advertisement scams
In a classified advertisement scam, scammers
respond to an advertisement for anything that
is being advertised at a reasonably high price
(for example a car, a computer or a
snowboard). There are various variants of this
scam; typically, scammers, after an initial
phase of feigned interest, agree to buy the
item and offer to pay for it with a cheque
with a much higher value than the agreed
price, using various excuses. The scammer will
ask to have most of the difference paid back
in cash at time of collection, supposedly
leaving the rest to the victim as a reward for
their flexibility and inconvenience. The
collection will be arranged soon after the
money will be made available in the victim's
bank account. The victim will not realise that
having the funds available is different from
having the cheque cleared, and therefore will
happily agree to the terms. The cheque
clearing process can take weeks, after which
the bank will claim the whole sum back because
the cheque is fake.[11]
This is also used over the IP Relay. There is
a case where the scammer requests a Driver's
License or International Passport be faxed
over as he represents a close friend of his
who is dying.
Tutor
scams
In this variation the scammer responds to an
ad placed by a tutor-for-hire, such as a music
instructor, explaining his need for a tutor
for his child who will soon be relocating to
the tutor's area. Often the scammer will want
a suspiciously high amount of instruction for
his child and will of course want to pay for
multiple weeks of instruction in advance via
money order or cashier's check. The dead
give-away is usually the scammer's request for
very specific list of information e.g. "full
name, address, city, state, zip, phone number"
in the first or second email. The rest of the
scam is the same as other fake check/wire
transfer scams, where a fake check or money
order for more than the agreed price is sent
to the victim, then the scammer requests that
the victim wire the balance back to him or
someone he owes a debt.
Escort
scams
In this variant of a classified advertisement
scam, a scammer answers an online escort
advertisement, typically posing as a wealthy
businessman traveling from Nigeria or London
to the escort's city of residence. The scammer
contacts an escort claiming to be interested
in a long-term companionship arrangement of
days or even weeks in length, the total time
involved totalling to a substantial sum of
money. The scammer offers to pay in advance by
cheque in excess of the net payment and asks
for remittance of the balance. This version is
especially popular as escorts in many cases
cannot safely contact legal authorities for
any reason and are unlikely to report
successful or attempted fraud. A variant of
the escort scam involves translators and
interpreters who are asked to escort a
businessman or his family for a few days.
Black
money scam
Black money scam or wash wash: A "money
cleaning" scam involving a huge amount of
black papers (purportedly $100 USD bank notes
covered by a black film to sneak them past the
custom officers) that is shown to the victim,
who is then requested to pay for “expensive
chemicals” to cleanse the bills.
Rental
scams
Where the victim (i.e., a prospective tenant)
is looking to rent accommodation, the scammer
will answer a classified advertisement
offering a high-standard place for a low cost,
even showing pictures of the said rooms. The
victim is required to pay a deposit, but once
the scammer has received the deposit he will
disappear leaving the victim out-of-pocket.
Where the victim (e.g., landlord) is looking
to find a tenant for their accommodation, the
scammer poses as an "interested" party who is
looking to move to said location. On inquiry
to the prospective tenant, the victim receives
a follow up e-mail indicating they will be
sent a cheque by the tenant's new employer
that will cover the rent, plus the new
"tenant's" living expenses (e.g., to purchase
furniture). The victim is asked to forward the
additional portion to their new "tenant" by
Western Union (or similar).
Puppy
scam
Much like the other scams detailed here this
involves the promise of an item when all the
necessary fees have been advanced. Adverts are
taken out by someone who is claiming they are
the breeder of puppy/s they sold and they are
not doing well in their current situation. The
owner claims to be looking for someone to
adopt them back. They also claim to work as a
missionary or for the United Nations. The
advance fees in this case being for the
purchase of the animal and Customs charges
that will never end.
Calls are also made through instant ip relay
to unsuspecting callers. The callers will give
the victim their email address to email them
all details and final price of the puppy.
E-mail contents is unknown but due to the
confidentiality of the ip-relay system
operators cannot disconnect the calls. One
theory is that the scammers scam and receive
pure bred puppies, breed the puppies and sell
them back to US buyers.
Consequences
Monetary
loss estimates
Estimates of the total losses due to the scam
vary widely. The Snopes website lists the
following estimate:
"The Nigerian scam is hugely successful.
According to a 1997 newspaper article: 'We
have confirmed losses just in the United
States of over $100 million in the last 15
months,' said Special Agent James Caldwell, of
the Secret Service financial crimes division.
'And that's just the ones we know of. We
figure a lot of people don't report
them.'"[12]
Although the "success rate" of the scam is
hard to gauge, some experienced 419 scammers
get one or two interested replies for every
thousand messages. An experienced scammer can
expect to make several thousand dollars per
month.[13]
Ultrascan Advanced Global Investigations, a
Netherlands-based firm which has been studying
419 matters since the mid-1990s, has prepared
a table quantifying 419 operations by country
for 2005. These stats are based on Ultrascan's
in-house investigations and include, by
nation: number of 419 rings; number of 419ers;
income of the 419ers (the amount of losses by
victims to the 419ers); and additional data.
419 Coalition view is that these stats present
a reasonably conservative and realistic look
at the extent and magnitude of 419 criminal
operations worldwide.
Since 1995, the United States Secret Service
has been involved in combating these schemes.
The organization will not investigate unless
the monetary loss is in excess of fifty
thousand US Dollars. Very few arrests and
prosecutions have been made due to the
international aspect of this crime.
In 2006, a report by a research group
concluded that Nigerian scams cost the UK
economy 150 million Pound Sterling year, with
the average victim losing 31 thousand
pounds.[14]
Physical
harm or death
Some victims have hired private investigators
in Nigeria or have personally travelled to
Nigeria, without ever retrieving their money.
There are cases of victims being unable to
cope with the losses and committing
suicide.[15]
In February 2003, a scam victim from the Czech
Republic shot and killed Michael Lekara Wayid,
an official at the Nigerian embassy in
Prague.[16][17] [5]
Leslie Fountain, a senior technician at Anglia
Polytechnic University in England, set himself
on fire after falling victim to a scam;
Fountain died of his injuries.[18]
Kidnapping
Kensuke Matsumoto, a Japanese national, fled
his kidnappers in Durban, South Africa after
falling victim to a 419 scheme in 1999 [6]
Joseph Raca, a former mayor of Northampton,
England, was kidnapped by scammers in
Johannesburg, South Africa in July 2001. The
captors released Raca after they became
nervous [7].
Danut Tetrescu, a Romanian who flew from
Bucharest to Johannesburg to meet with con men
in the Soweto area of Johannesburg, was
kidnapped in 1999 and held for $500,000 [8].
Murder
29-year old George Makronalli, a Greek man,
was murdered in South Africa after responding
to a 419 scam.[6]
Kjetil Moe, a Norwegian businessman, was
reported missing and ultimately killed after a
trade with Nigerian scammers in Johannesburg,
South Africa (September 1999). [9]
Mary Winkler is awaiting trial over the
shooting of her pastor husband on March 22,
2006, after allegedly being taken for $17,500
in a 419 scam.[19]
One American was murdered in Nigeria in June
1995 after being lured by a 419 scam..[20]
Arrests
In 2004, fifty-two suspects were arrested in
Amsterdam after an extensive raid.[21] An
Internet service provider had noticed the
increased email traffic. None was jailed or
fined, due to lack of evidence. They were
released in the week of July 12, 2004. An
entirely phony "Nigerian embassy" was also
discovered in Amsterdam; another allegedly
exists in Bangkok. [citation needed]
The
victim becomes a villain
Victims of the fraud often fall directly into
crime by "borrowing" or stealing money to pay the
advanced fees, thinking an early payday is immanent.
One example of this was Robert Andrew Street,[22] a
Melbourne based financial adviser, who fleeced his
clients for over AU$ 1,000,000 which he sent to the
scammers in the hope
of receiving USD$65M in return. Eventually the
Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) investigated and
the victim, who had now become a conman
himself. Another example was a bookkeeper for
Michigan law firm [23] Olsman Mueller & James
who in 2002 emptied the company bank account
of USD$2.1M in expectation of a USD$4.5M
payout. Arrested and convicted of wire fraud
the victim had become the villain.
Reduced
Nigerian Internet access
Legitimate Nigerian businesses find that their
e-mails increasingly fail to reach their
targets, due to people and companies setting
their e-mail clients to automatically mark all
mail containing the words 'Nigeria' and
'Nigerian' or coming from Nigerian IP
addresses as spam, or even delete it out of
hand. [citation needed]
Proposed
legislation
As a result of the fraud, Nigeria is drafting
legislation to make spamming a criminal
offence punishable with a fine up to £2,000GBP
and three years in jail.[24]
Terms
used by 419-scammers
Akwukwo [10], chekere, pepper
Fake check.
Bill
The amount a scammer plans to extract from his
victim.
Ego, pepper, lalas, show
Money
Fall mugu (to)
To be fooled, to become victim of advance fee
fraud.
Flash of account
Cause the victim's bank account to temporarily
show a large credit. This is intended to
induce the victim to believe in the deal and
send money. The credit gets reversed by the
bank when it is discovered that the original
check or electronic transfer was fraudulent.
Format
The scheme or script of an advance fee fraud,
e.g., the late dictator format (the scammer
pretends to be a relative of a dictator, e.g.
Miriam Abacha, "Wife" of Sani Abacha), the
next of kin format, the lottery format.
Guyman, guy
Scammer engaged in advance fee fraud.
Maga, mugu, mugun, mahi, magha [11], mahee,
mayi, mayee
Victim of advance fee fraud. "Mugu" in
particular is often used as an insult by
scam-baiters.
Modalities
commonly used term for methods of funds
transfer; often considered a shibboleth for
scam messages due to its infrequency in native
Anglophone usage.
May reflect roots in an older French version
of the scam; modalités in French just means
ways or methods.
Oga
Boss
Owner of the job, Catcher
Scammer who makes the first contact with a
victim and then passes him on to another
scammer who finishes the job. The latter
shares the spoil with the former.
Runs
An (illegal) activity.
Yahoo millionaires [12], yahoo boys [13]
Scammers
Yahoo yahoo
The act of scamming, especially through the
use of a Yahoo! mail address.
محررتنا
أم
عبد
الله
أديلابو
مديرة
هذا
الموقع
بإشراف
شيخنا
الشيخ
أبي
عبد
الله
أديلابو
و
إرشاده
-
حفظهما
الله
و
حفظ
أهلهما
-
Our
Editor And Director Is
Umm-Abdullah Adelabu Who
Is The Director Of This
Site With Supervision And
Guidance Of Our Sheikh,
Sheikh Abu-Abdullah
Adelabu (Ph. D Damas) -
May Allah (s.w.t.) Protect
Both Of Them And Their
Family
شيخنا:
الشيخ
عيد
الفتَّاح
أبو
عبد
الله
تائوو
أديلابو
Our
Sheikh Is: Sheikh Abdul-Fattah
Abu-Abdullah Taiwo Adelabu
(Ph.D. Damas)
s
Awqaf Africa (also known
or referred to as AWQAF)
serves all countries of
Africa: South, North,
West, East, and other
territorial geography of
the continent including
its islands in Pacific,
Atlantic, and
Mediterranean Seas as well
as Caribbea
s
Awqaf Africa seeks the
causes of suffering,
poverty, and Islamophobia
and tries to eliminate
them under the amiable
banner of Islam
s
Sheikh Abdulfattah Abu
Abdullah Adelabu (Ph. D.
Damas), a West African
Islamic Academic founded
Awqaf Africa, of which
he’s the first al Amir
(i.e. President).Sheikh Abu Abdullah
was studying Postgraduate
Degrees in Damascus early
1990’s during when Syria
reviewed its national
security including
immigration control...
s
Awqaf Africa is an
independent establishment
with a firm principle to
stay neutral and distance
itself from exploitations
by politicians, lobbies
from business prominent,
or affiliations with
military strugglings.Awqaf Africa
maintains Jihad or
Struggling For The Cause
of Islam is a faith as
well as a duty, and
therefore does not
champion any struggling
other than that of Islam
sWaqfs
[Awqaf] or Habs (i.e.
Endowments From al Amir,
Members Of ash Shura, And
Muslim Donors)
محررتنا
أم
عبد
الله
أديلابو
مديرة
هذا
الموقع
بإشراف
شيخنا
الشيخ
أبي
عبد
الله
أديلابو
و
إرشاده
-
حفظهما
الله
و
حفظ
أهلهما
-
Our
Editor And Director Is
Umm-Abdullah Adelabu Who
Is The Director Of This
Site With Supervision And
Guidance Of Our Sheikh,
Sheikh Abu-Abdullah
Adelabu (Ph. D Damas) -
May Allah (s.w.t.) Protect
Both Of Them And Their
Family
شيخنا:
الشيخ
عيد
الفتَّاح
أبو
عبد
الله
تائوو
أديلابو
Our
Sheikh Is: Sheikh Abdul-Fattah
Abu-Abdullah Taiwo Adelabu
(Ph.D. Damas)
s
Awqaf Africa (also known
or referred to as AWQAF)
serves all countries of
Africa: South, North,
West, East, and other
territorial geography of
the continent including
its islands in Pacific,
Atlantic, and
Mediterranean Seas as well
as Caribbea
s
Awqaf Africa seeks the
causes of suffering,
poverty, and Islamophobia
and tries to eliminate
them under the amiable
banner of Islam
s
Sheikh Abdulfattah Abu
Abdullah Adelabu (Ph. D.
Damas), a West African
Islamic Academic founded
Awqaf Africa, of which
he’s the first al Amir
(i.e. President).Sheikh Abu Abdullah
was studying Postgraduate
Degrees in Damascus early
1990’s during when Syria
reviewed its national
security including
immigration control...
s
Awqaf Africa is an
independent establishment
with a firm principle to
stay neutral and distance
itself from exploitations
by politicians, lobbies
from business prominent,
or affiliations with
military strugglings.Awqaf Africa
maintains Jihad or
Struggling For The Cause
of Islam is a faith as
well as a duty, and
therefore does not
champion any struggling
other than that of Islam
sWaqfs
[Awqaf] or Habs (i.e.
Endowments From al Amir,
Members Of ash Shura, And
Muslim Donors)
محررتنا
أم
عبد
الله
أديلابو
مديرة
هذا
الموقع
بإشراف
شيخنا
الشيخ
أبي
عبد
الله
أديلابو
و
إرشاده
-
حفظهما
الله
و
حفظ
أهلهما
-
Our
Editor And Director Is
Umm-Abdullah Adelabu Who
Is The Director Of This
Site With Supervision And
Guidance Of Our Sheikh,
Sheikh Abu-Abdullah
Adelabu (Ph. D Damas) -
May Allah (s.w.t.) Protect
Both Of Them And Their
Family
شيخنا:
الشيخ
عيد
الفتَّاح
أبو
عبد
الله
تائوو
أديلابو
Our
Sheikh Is: Sheikh Abdul-Fattah
Abu-Abdullah Taiwo Adelabu
(Ph.D. Damas)
s
Awqaf Africa (also known
or referred to as AWQAF)
serves all countries of
Africa: South, North,
West, East, and other
territorial geography of
the continent including
its islands in Pacific,
Atlantic, and
Mediterranean Seas as well
as Caribbea
s
Awqaf Africa seeks the
causes of suffering,
poverty, and Islamophobia
and tries to eliminate
them under the amiable
banner of Islam
s
Sheikh Abdulfattah Abu
Abdullah Adelabu (Ph. D.
Damas), a West African
Islamic Academic founded
Awqaf Africa, of which
he’s the first al Amir
(i.e. President).Sheikh Abu Abdullah
was studying Postgraduate
Degrees in Damascus early
1990’s during when Syria
reviewed its national
security including
immigration control...
s
Awqaf Africa is an
independent establishment
with a firm principle to
stay neutral and distance
itself from exploitations
by politicians, lobbies
from business prominent,
or affiliations with
military strugglings.Awqaf Africa
maintains Jihad or
Struggling For The Cause
of Islam is a faith as
well as a duty, and
therefore does not
champion any struggling
other than that of Islam
sWaqfs
[Awqaf] or Habs (i.e.
Endowments From al Amir,
Members Of ash Shura, And
Muslim Donors)
محررتنا
أم
عبد
الله
أديلابو
مديرة
هذا
الموقع
بإشراف
شيخنا
الشيخ
أبي
عبد
الله
أديلابو
و
إرشاده
-
حفظهما
الله
و
حفظ
أهلهما
-
Our
Editor And Director Is
Umm-Abdullah Adelabu Who
Is The Director Of This
Site With Supervision And
Guidance Of Our Sheikh,
Sheikh Abu-Abdullah
Adelabu (Ph. D Damas) -
May Allah (s.w.t.) Protect
Both Of Them And Their
Family
شيخنا:
الشيخ
عيد
الفتَّاح
أبو
عبد
الله
تائوو
أديلابو
Our
Sheikh Is: Sheikh Abdul-Fattah
Abu-Abdullah Taiwo Adelabu
(Ph.D. Damas)
s
Awqaf Africa (also known
or referred to as AWQAF)
serves all countries of
Africa: South, North,
West, East, and other
territorial geography of
the continent including
its islands in Pacific,
Atlantic, and
Mediterranean Seas as well
as Caribbea
s
Awqaf Africa seeks the
causes of suffering,
poverty, and Islamophobia
and tries to eliminate
them under the amiable
banner of Islam
s
Sheikh Abdulfattah Abu
Abdullah Adelabu (Ph. D.
Damas), a West African
Islamic Academic founded
Awqaf Africa, of which
he’s the first al Amir
(i.e. President).Sheikh Abu Abdullah
was studying Postgraduate
Degrees in Damascus early
1990’s during when Syria
reviewed its national
security including
immigration control...
s
Awqaf Africa is an
independent establishment
with a firm principle to
stay neutral and distance
itself from exploitations
by politicians, lobbies
from business prominent,
or affiliations with
military strugglings.Awqaf Africa
maintains Jihad or
Struggling For The Cause
of Islam is a faith as
well as a duty, and
therefore does not
champion any struggling
other than that of Islam
sWaqfs
[Awqaf] or Habs (i.e.
Endowments From al Amir,
Members Of ash Shura, And
Muslim Donors)
محررتنا
أم
عبد
الله
أديلابو
مديرة
هذا
الموقع
بإشراف
شيخنا
الشيخ
أبي
عبد
الله
أديلابو
و
إرشاده
-
حفظهما
الله
و
حفظ
أهلهما
-
Our
Editor And Director Is
Umm-Abdullah Adelabu Who
Is The Director Of This
Site With Supervision And
Guidance Of Our Sheikh,
Sheikh Abu-Abdullah
Adelabu (Ph. D Damas) -
May Allah (s.w.t.) Protect
Both Of Them And Their
Family
شيخنا:
الشيخ
عيد
الفتَّاح
أبو
عبد
الله
تائوو
أديلابو
Our
Sheikh Is: Sheikh Abdul-Fattah
Abu-Abdullah Taiwo Adelabu
(Ph.D. Damas)
s
Awqaf Africa (also known
or referred to as AWQAF)
serves all countries of
Africa: South, North,
West, East, and other
territorial geography of
the continent including
its islands in Pacific,
Atlantic, and
Mediterranean Seas as well
as Caribbea
s
Awqaf Africa seeks the
causes of suffering,
poverty, and Islamophobia
and tries to eliminate
them under the amiable
banner of Islam
s
Sheikh Abdulfattah Abu
Abdullah Adelabu (Ph. D.
Damas), a West African
Islamic Academic founded
Awqaf Africa, of which
he’s the first al Amir
(i.e. President).Sheikh Abu Abdullah
was studying Postgraduate
Degrees in Damascus early
1990’s during when Syria
reviewed its national
security including
immigration control...
s
Awqaf Africa is an
independent establishment
with a firm principle to
stay neutral and distance
itself from exploitations
by politicians, lobbies
from business prominent,
or affiliations with
military strugglings.Awqaf Africa
maintains Jihad or
Struggling For The Cause
of Islam is a faith as
well as a duty, and
therefore does not
champion any struggling
other than that of Islam
sWaqfs
[Awqaf] or Habs (i.e.
Endowments From al Amir,
Members Of ash Shura, And
Muslim Donors)
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