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61
I'tikaf in Ramadan
Section: Mention of Iltikaf
Book 19, Number 19.1.1:
Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from
Urwa ibn az-Zubayr from Amra bint Abd ar-Rahman that
A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, said,"When the Messenger of Allah, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, did itikaf he would
bring his head near to me and I would comb it. He would
only go into the house to relieve himself."
Book 19, Number 19.1.2:
Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from
Amra bint Abd ar-Rahman that when A'isha was doing itikaf
she would only ask after sick people if she was walking
and not if she was standing still.
Malik said, "A person doing itikaf should not carry out
obligations of his, nor leave the mosque for them, nor
should he help anyone. He should only leave the mosque to
relieve himself. If he were able to go out to do things
for people, visiting the sick, praying over the dead and
following funeral processions would be the things with the
most claim on his coming out."
Malik said, "A person doing itikaf is not doing itikaf
until he avoids what some one doing itikaf should avoid,
namely, visiting the sick, praying over the dead, and
entering houses, except to relieve himself."
Book 19, Number 19.1.3:
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had asked Ibn
Shihab whether someone doing itikaf could go into a house
to relieve himself, and he said, "Yes, there is no harm in
that."
Malik said, "The situation that we are all agreed upon
here is that there is no disapproval of anyone doing
itikaf in a mosque where jumua is held. The only reason I
see for disapproving of doing itikaf in a mosque where
jumua is not held is that the man doing itikaf would have
to leave the mosque where he was doing itikaf in order to
go to jumua, or else not go there at all. If, however, he
is doing itikaf in a mosque where jumua is not held, and
he does not have to go to jumua in any other mosque, then
I see no harm in him doing itikaf there, because Allah,
the Blessed and Exalted, says, 'While you are doing itikaf
in mosques,' and refers to all mosques in general, without
specifying any particular kind."
Malik continued, "Accordingly, it is permissiblefor a
man to do itikaf in a mosque where jumua is not held if he
does not have to leave it to go to a mosque where jumua is
held."
Malik said, "A person doing itikaf should spend the
night only in the mosque where he is doing itikaf, except
if his tent is in one of the courtyards of the mosque. I
have never heard that someone doing itikaf can put up a
shelter anywhere except in the mosque itself or in one of
the courtyards of the mosque.
Part of what shows that he must spend the night in the
mosque is the saying of A'isha, 'When the Messenger of
Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was doing
itikaf, he would only go into the house to relieve
himself.' Nor should he do itikaf on the roof of the
mosque or in the minaret."
Malik said, "The person who is going to do itikaf
should enter the place where he wishes to do itikaf before
the sun sets on the night when he wishes to begin his
itikaf, so that he is ready to begin the itikaf at the
beginning of the night when he is going to start his
itikaf. A person doing itikaf should be occupied with his
itikaf, and not turn his attention to other things which
might occupy him, such as trading or whatever. There is no
harm, however, if some one doing itikaf tells some one to
do something for him regarding his estate, or the affairs
of his family, or tells someone to sell some property of
his, or something else that does not occupy him directly.
There is no harm in him arranging for someone else to do
that for him if it is a simple matter."
Malik said, "I have never heard any of the people of
knowledge mentioning any modification as far as how to do
itikaf is concerned. Itikaf is an act of ibada like the
prayer, fasting, the hajj, and such like acts, whether
they are obligatory or voluntary. Anyone who begins doing
any of these acts should do them according to what has
come down in the sunna. He should not start doing anything
in them that the muslims have not done, whether it is a
modification that he imposes on others, or one that he
begins doing himself. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, practised itikaf, and the
muslims know what the sunna of itikaf is."
Malik said, "Itikaf and jiwar are the same, and Itikaf
is the same for a village-dweller as it is for a nomad."
Section: Things Without Which Itikaf is Not Possible
Book 19, Number 19.2.4:
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that
al-Qasim ibn Muhammad and Nafi, the mawla of Abdullah ibn
Umar said, "You cannot do itikaf unless you are fasting,
because of what Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, says in
His Book, 'And eat and drink until the white thread
becomes clear to you from the black thread of dawn, then
complete the fast until night-time, and do not have
intercourse with them while you are doing itikaf in
mosques,' (Sura 2 ayat 187). Allah only mentions itikaf
together with fasting."
Malik said, "That is what we go by here."
Section: Leaving Itikaf for the Id
Book 19, Number 19.3.5:
Yahya related to me that Ziyad ibn Abd ar-Rahman said,
"Malik related to us from Sumayy, the mawla of Abu Bakr
ibn Abd ar-Rahman, that Abu Bakr ibn Abd ar-Rahman was
once doing itikaf and he would go out to relieve himself
in a closed room under a roofed passage in Khalid ibn
Walid's house. Otherwise he did not leave his place of
itikaf until he went to pray at the Id with the muslims."
Book 19, Number 19.3.6:
Yahya related to me from Ziyad from Malik that he saw
some of the people of knowledge who, when they did itikaf
in the last ten days of Ramadan, would not go back to
their families until they had attended the Id al-Fitr with
everybody.
Ziyad said that Malik said, "I heard this from the
people of excellence who have passed away, and it is what
I like most out of what I have heard about the matter."
Section: Making Up for the Itikaf (Not Done)
Book 19, Number 19.4.7:
Ziyad related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from
Amra bint Abd ar-Rahman from A'isha that the Messenger of
Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, once
wanted to do itikaf, and when he went off to the place
where he wanted to do itikaf he found some tents there,
which were A'isha's tent, Hafsa's tent, and Zaynab's tent.
When he saw them he asked about them and someone told him
that they were the tents of A'isha, Hafsa and Zaynab. The
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, said, "Do you think them devout?" Then he left, and
did not do itikaf until Shawwal, when he then did it for
ten days.
Book 19, Number 19.4.8:
Malik was asked whether someone who went into a mosque
to do itikaf for the last ten days of Ramadan and stayed
there for a day or two but then became ill and left the
mosque, had to do itikaf for the number of days that were
left from the ten, or not, and if he did have to do so,
then what month should he do it in, and he replied, "He
should make up whatever he has to do of the itikaf when he
recovers, whether in Ramadan or otherwise. I have heard
that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, once wanted to do itikaf in Ramadan, but then
came back without having done so, and then when Ramadan
had gone, he did itikaf for ten days in Shawwal.
Some one who does itikaf voluntarily in Ramadan and
some one who has to do itikaf are in the same position
regarding what is halal for them and what is haram. I have
not heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace, ever did itikaf other than
voluntarily."
Malik said, that if a woman did itikaf and then
menstruated during her itikaf, she went back to her house,
and, when she was pure again she returned to the mosque,
at whatever time it was that she became pure. She then
continued her itikaf from where she left off. This was the
same situation as with a woman who had to fast two
consecutive months, and who menstruated and then became
pure. She then continued the fast from where she had left
off and did not delay doing so.
Book 19, Number 19.4.9:
Ziyad related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, used to go to relieve himself in houses.
Malik said, "Someone doing itikaf should not leave for
his parents' funeral or for anything else."
Section: Marriage in Itikaf
Book 19, Number 19.5.9a:
Malik said, "There is no harm in someone who is in
itikaf entering into a marriage contract as long as there
is no physical relationship. A woman in itikaf may also be
betrothed as long as there is no physical relationship.
What is haram for someone in itikaf in relation to his
womenfolk during the day is haram for him during the
night."
Yahya said that Ziyad said that Malik said, "It is not
halal for a man to have intercourse with his wife while he
is in itikaf, nor for him to take pleasure in her by
kissing her, or whatever. However, I have not heard anyone
disapproving of a man, or woman, in itikaf getting married
as long as there is no physical relationship. Marriage is
not disapproved of for someone fasting."
"There is, however, a distinction between the marriage
of someone in itikaf and that of someone who is muhrim, in
that some one who is muhrim can eat, drink, visit the sick
and attend funerals, but cannot put on perfume, whilst a
man or woman in itikaf can put on oil and perfume and
groom their hair, but cannot attend funerals or pray over
the dead or visit the sick. Thus their situations with
regard to marriage are different."
"This is the sunna as it has come down to us regarding
marriage for those who are muhrim, doing itikaf, or
fasting.
Section: Laylat al-Qadr
Book 19, Number 19.6.10:
Yahya related to me from Malik from Yazid ibn Abdullah
ibn al-Hadi from Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Harith at-Taymi
from Abu Salama ibn Abd ar-Rahman that Abu Said al-Khudri
said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, used to do itikaf in the middle ten days
of Ramadan. One year he was doing itikaf and then, when it
came to the night of the twenty-first, which was the night
before the morning when he would normally have finished
his itikaf, he said, 'Whoever has done i'tikaf with me
should continue doing itikaf for the last ten days. I saw
a certain night and then I was made to forget it. I saw
myself prostrating the following morning in water and
clay. Look for it in the last ten days, and look for it on
the odd days.' "
Abu Said continued, "The sky poured with rain that
night and the mosque had a roof (made of palm fronds) and
the mosque was soaked. With my own eyes I saw the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, leave with traces of water and clay on his forehead
and nose, in the morning after the night of the
twenty-first."
Book 19, Number 19.6.11:
Ziyad related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa
from his father that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, said, "Search for Laylat
al-Qadr in the last ten days of Ramadan."
Book 19, Number 19.6.12:
Ziyad related to me from Malik from Abdullah ibn Dinar
from Abdullah ibn Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, said. "Search for
Laylat al-Qadr in the last seven days."
Book 19, Number 19.6.13:
Ziyad related to me from Malik from Abu'n Nadr, the
mawla of Umar ibn Ubaydullah, that Abdullah ibn Unays al-Juhani
said to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, "Messenger of Allah, I am a man whose
house is a long way away. Tell me one night so that I can
stop my journey for it." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, said, "Stop on the
twenty-third night of Ramadan."
Book 19, Number 19.6.14:
Ziyad related to me from Malik from Humayd at-Tawil
that 'Anas ibn Malik said, "The Messenger of Allah, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, came out to us in
Ramadan and said, 'I was shown a certain night in Ramadan
and then two men abused each other and it was taken away.
Look for it on the ninth and the seventh and the fifth.' "
Book 19, Number 19.6.15:
Ziyad related to me from Malik from Nafi from Ibn 'Umar
that some of the companions of the Messenger of Allah, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, were shown Laylat al-Qadr
in their sleep during the last seven days. The Messenger
of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said,
"I see that your visions agree about the last seven days,
so whoever is searching for it should do so in the last
seven days."
Book 19, Number 19.6.16:
Ziyad related to me from Malik that he had heard a man
he trusted of the people of knowledge say, "The Messenger
of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was
shown the lifespans of the people (who had gone) before
him, or what Allah willed of that, and it was as if the
lives of the people of his community had become too short
for them to be able to do as many good actions as others
before them had been able to do with their long lives, so
Allah gave him Laylat al-Qadr, which is better than a
thousand months."
Book 19, Number 19.6.17:
Ziyad related to me from Malik that he had heard that
Said ibn al-Musayyab used to say, "Whoever is present at
isha on Laylat al-Qadr has taken his portion from it."
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Muwatta Malik Hadith Links:
1.
The
Times of Prayer
2.
Purity
3.
Prayer
4.
Forgetfulness
in Prayer
5.
Jumu'a
6.
Prayer
in Ramadan
7.
Tahajjud
8.
Prayer
in Congregation
9.
Shortening
the Prayer
10.
The
Two 'Ids
11.
The
Fear Prayer
12.
The
Eclipse Prayer
13.
Asking
for Rain
14.
The
Qibla 15.
The
Qur'an 16.
Burials
17.
Zakat
18.
Fasting
19.
I'tikaf
in Ramadan
20.
Hajj
21.
Jihad
22.
Vows
and Oaths
23.
Sacrificial
Animals
24.
Slaughtering
Animals
25.
Game
26.
The
'Aqiqa
27.
Fara'id
28.
Marriage
29.
Divorce
30.
Suckling
31.
Business
Transactions
32.
Qirad
(Loans)
33.
Sharecropping
34.
Renting
Land
35.
Pre-emption
in Property
36.
Judgments
37.
Wills
and Testaments
38.
Setting
Free and Wala'
39.
The
Mukatab
40.
Hudud
41.
The
Mudabbar
42.
Drinks
43.
Blood-Money
44.
The
Oath of Qasama
45.
Madina
46.
The
Decree
47.
Good
Character
48.
Dress
49.
The Description of the Prophet, may Allah Bless Him and Grant Him Peace
50.
The
Evil Eye
51.
Hair
52.
Visions
53.
Greetings
54.
General
Subjects
55.
The
Oath of Allegiance
56.
Speech
57.
Jahannam
58.
Sadaqa
59.
Knowledge
60.
The
Supplication of the Unjustly
Wronged
61.
The
Names of the Prophet, may
Allah Bless Him and Grant
Him Peace
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