The Prophet has exhorted us to fast during the following days:
six days of the month of Shawwal, first ten days of Zhul-Hijjah for those not performing the pilgrimage, month of
Muharram.
Abu Ayyub al-Ansari reported that the Prophet, upon whom be
peace, said: "Whoever fasts during the month of Ramadan
and then follows it with six days of Shawwal will be
[rewarded] as if he had fasted the entire year." This is
related by "the group," except for al-Bukhari and
anNasa'i.
According to Ahmad, one may fast on these days
consecutively or nonconsecutively, as neither practice is
preferred over the other. Hanafiyyah and Shaf'iyyah maintain
that it is preferable to fast on consecutive days after the
'id.
-1- Abu Qatadah reported that the Messenger of Allah said:
"Fasting on the day of 'Arafah is an expiation for two
years, the year preceding it and the year following it.
Fasting the day of 'Ashurah is an expiation for the year
preceding it." This is related by "the group,"
except for al-Bukhari and at-Tirmizhi.
-2- Hafsah reported: "There are five things that the
Prophet never abandoned: fasting the day of 'Ashurah, fasting
the [first] ten [days of Zhul-Hijjah], fasting three days of
every month and praying two rak'ah before the dawn
prayer." This is related by Ahmad and an-Nasa'i.
-3- 'Uqbah ibn 'Amr reported that the Messenger of Allah
said: "The day of 'Arafah, the day of sacrifice, and the
days of tashreeq are 'ids for us--the people of Islam--and
they are days of eating and drinking." This is related by
"the five," except for Ibn Majah. At-Tirmizhi grades
it sahih.
-4- Abu Hurairah stated: "The Messenger of Allah
forbade fasting on the day of 'Arafah for one who is actually
at 'Arafah." This is related by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, an-Nasa'i,
and Ibn Majah.
At-Tirmizhi comments: "The scholars prefer that the
day of 'Arafah be fasted unless one is actually at 'Arafah."
-5- Umm al-Fadl said: "The people were in doubt over
whether or not the Prophet was fasting on the day of 'Arafah.
I sent him some milk, and he drank it while he was delivering
an address to the people at 'Arafah." This is related by
al-Bukhari and Muslim.
Ibn 'Abbas reported that the Messenger of Allah, upon whom
be peace, sent a person to announce: "Do not fast on
these days, as they are days of eating, drinking and rejoicing
with one's family." At-Tabarani related it in al-'Awsat.
Abu Hurairah reported: "I asked the Prophet: 'Which
prayer is the best after the obligatory prayers?' He said:
'Prayer during the middle of the night.' I asked: 'Which fast
is the best after the fast of Rarnadan?' He said, 'The month
of Allah that you call Muharram.' " This is related by
Ahmad, Muslim, and Abu Dawud.
Mu'awiyyah ibn Abu Sufyan reported that he heard the
Messenger of Allah say: "Concerning the day of 'Ashurah,
it is not obligatory upon you to fast on it as I do. Whoever
wishes may fast and whoever does not wish to is not obliged to
do so." This is related by al-Bukhari and Muslim.
'Aishah stated: "The tribe of Quraish used to fast on
the day of 'Ashurah in the days before Islam, as did the
Prophet. When he came to Madinah, he still fasted on it and
ordered the people to do likewise. Then, when fasting during
the month of Ramadan becam obligatory, he said: 'Whoever
wishes may fast ['Ashurah] and whoever wishes may leave
it." This is related by al-Bukhari and Muslim.
Ibn 'Abbas reported: "The Prophet came to Madinah and
found the Jews fasting on the day of 'Ashurah. He said to
them: 'What is this fast?' They said: 'A great day. Allah
saved Moses and the tribes of Israel from their enemies on
this day and therefore, Moses fasted on this day.' The Prophet
said: 'We have more of a right to Moses than you,' so he
fasted on that day also and ordered the people to fast on that
day." This is recorded by al-Bukhari and Muslim.
According to al-Bukhari and Muslim, Musa al-Ash'ari
reported: "The Jews would honor the day of 'Ashurah as an
'id. The Prophet said: 'You [Muslims] are to fast on
it.'"
Ibn 'Abbas reported: "The Messenger of Allah fasted on
the day of 'Ashurah and ordered the people to fast on it. The
people said: 'O Messenger of Allah, it is a day that the Jews
and Christians honor.' The Prophet said, 'When the following
year comes--Allah willing--we shall fast on the ninth.' The
death of the Prophet came before the following year."
This is recorded by Muslim and Abu Dawud. In one version the
wording is: "If I remain until next year, we shall fast
the ninth," meaning, the tenth. This is related by Muslim
and Abu Dawud.
The scholars have mentioned that the fast of 'Ashurah is of
three levels:
-1- fasting three days--that is, on the 9th, 10th, and 11th
of Muharram;
Jabir reported that the Messenger of Allah said:
"Whoever is generous to himself and to his family on the
day of 'Ashurah will have Allah's generosity bestowed on him
for the rest of the year." This is related by al-Baihaqi
in ash-Shu'ab and by Ibn 'Abdul-Barr. The hadith has other
chains, but they are all weak; however, strung together these
chains strengthen the rank of the hadith, as as-Sakhawi said.
The Prophet would fast most of the month of Sha'ban. 'Aishah
said: "I never saw the Messenger of Allah fast a complete
month save for Ramadan, and I have never seen him fast more in
a month than he did in Sha'ban." This is related by al-Bukhari
and Muslim.
Usamah ibn Zaid inquired: "O Messenger of Allah, I
never find you fasting in any month like you do during the
month of Sha'ban." The Prophet responded: "That is a
month the people neglect. It comes between Rajab and Ramadan.
It is a month in which the deeds are raised to the Lord of the
Worlds. I love that my deeds be raised while I am
fasting." This is related by Abu Dawud, an-Nasa'i, and by
Ibn Khuzaimah in his Sahih.
Some people fast on the 15th of Sha'ban in particular,
thinking that that day contains more virtues than the other
days. This is an unsubstantiated claim.
The "forbidden" months (during which killing is
forbidden) are Zhul-Qidah, ZhulHijjah, Muharram, and Rajab. It
is preferred to fast a lot during these months.
A man from Bahila came to the Prophet and said: "O
Messenger of Allah, I am the man who came to you during the
first year." The Prophet, upon whom be peace, said:
"What has changed you? You used to be much more
handsome!" He answered: "I did not eat save during
the night since I left you." The Messenger of Allah
asked: "Why did you punish yourself? Fast during the
month of patience [that is, Ramadan] and then one day of every
month." The man said: "Add something to that for me,
for I have more strength than that." The Prophet
responded: "Fast two days [a month]." The man said:
"Add more for me." The Prophet said three times:
"Fast from the forbidden months, then leave
fasting." He pointed with three of his fingers by
clenching them and releasing them. This is related by Ahmad,
Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah, and al-Baihaqi with a good chain.
Fasting during Rajab contains no more virtue than during
any other month. There is no sound report from the sunnah that
states that it has a special reward. All that has been related
concerning it is not strong enough to be used as a proof. Ibn
Hajr says: "There is no authentic hadith related to its
virtues, not fasting during it or on certain days of it, nor
concerning exclusively making night prayers during that
month."
Abu Hurairah reported that the most the Prophet would fast
would be Monday and Thursday. He was asked about that and he
said: "The actions are presented on every Monday and
Thursday. Allah forgives every Muslim or every believer,
except for those who are boycotting each other. He says [about
them]: 'Leave them.' " This is related by Ahmad with a
sahih chain. It is recorded in Sahih Muslim that the Prophet,
when asked about fasting on Monday, said: "That is the
day on which I was born and the day on which I received
revelations."
Abu Zharr al-Ghafari reported: "The Messenger of Allah
ordered us to fast for three days of every month--that is, on
the days of the full moon (the 13th, 14th, and 15th of the
lunar month). And he said: 'It is like fasting the whole
year.' " This is related by an-Nasa'i and by Ibn Hibban,
who called it sahih.
It is related that the Prophet would fast on Saturday,
Sunday, and Monday of one month and on Tuesday, Wednesday, and
Thursday of the next month. He would also fast for three days
at the beginning of the month, or on the first Thursday and
the next two Mondays of the month.
Abu Salama ibn 'Abdurrahman reported from 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr
that the Prophet, upon whom be peace, said to him: 'I have
been informed that you stay up in prayer during the night and
fast during the day. 'Abdullah answered: "Yes, O
Messenger of Allah." The Prophet said: "Fast and do
not fast, pray and sleep, for your body, your wife, and your
guests have a right upon you. It is sufficient for you to fast
three days a month." 'Abdullah said: "I wanted to be
stricter on myself and I said: "O Messenger of Allah, I
have the strength to do more." The Prophet said:
"Then fast three days a week." 'Abdullah said:
"I have the strength to do more!" The Prophet said:
"Fast the fast of the Prophet David and do not do more
than that!" 'Abdullah inquired: "And what was the
fast of David?" The Prophet replied: "He would fast
one day and then not fast the next." This is recorded by
Ahmad and others.
Ahmad also related from 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr that the Prophet
said: "The fast most loved by Allah is the fast of David,
and the most loved prayer is the prayer of David. He would
sleep half the night, pray for a third of the night, and then
sleep during the last sixth of the night. He would also fast
one day and then eat on the next."
Umm Hani reported that the Prophet, upon whom be peace,
entered her room during the day of the conquest of Makkah. He
was offered something to drink and he drank from it. Then he
offered it to Umm Hani and she said: "I am fasting."
The Prophet said: "The one who is fasting voluntarily is
in charge of himself. If you wish you may fast and if you wish
you may break your fast." This is recounted by Ahmad, ad-Daraqutni,
and alBaihaqi. Al-Hakim also related it and said that its
chain is sahih. The version he recorded states: "And if
one wishes he may fast and if he wishes he may break his
fast."
Abu Juhaifah said: "The Prophet established the bond
of brotherhood between Salman and Abu ad-Darda. Once, Salman
visited Abu ad-Darda and saw Umm ad-Darda wearing very plain
clothes. He said to her: 'What's happening to you?' She said:
'Your brother Abu ad-Darda has no need in this world.' When
Abu adDarda came, he prepared some food for Salman and said:
'Eat, for I am fasting.' Salman said: 'I shall not eat until
you eat.' So he ate. When it was night, Abu ad-Darda got up to
pray and Salman said, 'Sleep,' and he did so. Toward the end
of the night Salman woke Abu ad-Darda and said, Pray now.' And
they prayed. Salman told him: 'Your Lord has a right upon you,
you have a right upon yourself, and so does your wife. Give
each one its due right.' Abu adDarda went to the Prophet and
told him what Salman had said. The Prophet said: 'Salman has
said the truth.' " This is related by al-Bukhari and at-Tirmizhi.
Abu Sa'id al-Khudri said: "I prepared food for the
Prophet. He came to me with some of his companions. When the
food was laid out, one of the men said: 'I am fasting.' The
Messenger of Allah said: 'Your brother has invited you and
incurred expenses in your behalf.' Then he asked [him], Break
your fast and fast another day in its place if you wish.'
" This is related by al-Baihaqi. Al-Hafizh says it has a
hassan chain.
Most scholars maintain that one who is performing a
voluntary fast can break it. It is, however, preferred to make
up that day later on. The preceding view is clear and
authentic hadith are support for that position.
The
materials provided here are ONLY
extracts of Arabic-English
Dictionary Of Sheikh Adelabu
(Ph. D. Damas). Fully
edited versions and better
formats are available upon
written requests from awqafafrica.com
and Awqaf Africa Muslim Open
College, London.
Alphabetical
Entries Indexed For
Arabic-English Dictionary Of
Sheikh Adelabu (Ph. D. Damas) ::
ألفبيات
مادّات
مفهرسة
للقاموس
العربي
الإنجليزي
للشيخ
أديلابو
-
دكتوراه
من
دمسق
Studying
Grammars And Linguistics Of The
Kitaab And Sunnah Under Sheikh
Adelabu, Ph. D. Damas
Users
or reproducers of this
Arabic-English Dictionary Of
Sheikh Adelabu (Ph. D. Damas)
for the purposes of Da'wah and
Islamic Studies do not need a
permission. However, awqafafrica.com
suggests users or reproducers
quote this site and/or the sole
author of this dictionary -
Sheikh Adelabu (Ph. D. Damas).
This dictionary is not for
commercial gains or profit
making. It's intended by
our Sheikh to be an act of 'Iba^dah.
May Allah accept it from our
Sheikh
The Encyclopedic Dictionary Of As-Sunnah
- Hadith By Sheikh Adelabu
(Ph. D. Damas) is only available
on this portal to proven Du'aat
and known or recommended students
of Knowledge. Learned
individuals can acquired all
volumes and full packages of the
Encyclopedia.
Arabic
English Dictionary Of Sheikh
Adelabu (Ph. D. Damas) ::
قاموس
عربي -
إنجليزي
للشيخ
أديلابو
-
دكتوراه
من
دمشق -