Narrated Muhammad bin 'Amr Al-Aslami that his father Hamza said:
'Umar (ra) sent him (i.e. Hamza) as a Sadaqa / Zakat collector. A man had
committed illegal sexual intercourse with the slave girl of his wife. Hamza took
(personal) sureties for the adulterer till they came to 'Umar. 'Umar had lashed
the adulterer one hundred lashes. 'Umar confirmed their claim (that the
adulterer had already been punished) and excused him because of being Ignorant.
Jarir Al-Ash'ath said to Ibn Mas'ud regarding renegades (i.e., those who became
infidels after embracing Islam), "Let them repent and take (personal) sureties
for them." They repented and their relatives stood sureties for them. According
to Hammad, if somebody stands surety for another person and that person dies,
the person giving surety will be released from responsibility. According to
Al-Hakam, his responsibilities continues.
Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari2290 مرجع : صحيح البخاري| In-book reference مرجع التصنيف : Book 39 الكتاب, Hadith 1 الحديث | Online translation (USC-MSA) reference
مرجع الترجمة على الإنترنت : Vol. 3 الجزء, Book 37 الكتاب, Hadith 488 الحديث | (deprecated numbering scheme نظام الترقيم موقوف)
Ibn 'Abbas said, "In the verse: To every one We have appointed ' (Muwaliya
Muwaliya means one's) heirs (4.33).' (And regarding the verse) 'And those with
whom your right hands have made a pledge.' Ibn 'Abbas said, "When the emigrants
came to the Prophet (ﷺ) in Medina, the emigrant would inherit the Ansari while
the latter's relatives would not inherit him because of the bond of brotherhood
which the Prophet established between them (i.e. the emigrants and the Ansar).
When the verse: 'And to everyone We have appointed heirs' (4.33) was revealed,
it canceled (the bond (the pledge) of brotherhood regarding inheritance)." Then
he said, "The verse: To those also to whom your right hands have pledged,
remained valid regarding cooperation and mutual advice, while the matter of
inheritance was excluded and it became permissible to assign something in one's
testament to the person who had the right of inheriting before.
Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari2292 مرجع : صحيح البخاري| In-book reference مرجع التصنيف : Book 39 الكتاب, Hadith 3 الحديث | Online translation (USC-MSA) reference
مرجع الترجمة على الإنترنت : Vol. 3 الجزء, Book 37 الكتاب, Hadith 489 الحديث | (deprecated numbering scheme نظام الترقيم موقوف)
A dead person was brought to the Prophet (ﷺ) so that he might lead the funeral
prayer for him. He asked, "Is he in debt?" When the people replied in the
negative, he led the funeral prayer. Another dead person was brought and he
asked, "Is he in debt?" They said, "Yes." He (refused to lead the prayer and)
said, "Lead the prayer of your friend." Abu Qatada said, "O Allah's Messenger
(ﷺ)! I undertake to pay his debt." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) then led his funeral
prayer.
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ
الأَكْوَعِ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أُتِيَ
بِجَنَازَةٍ، لِيُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهَا، فَقَالَ " هَلْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ دَيْنٍ ".
قَالُوا لاَ. فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِجَنَازَةٍ أُخْرَى، فَقَالَ "
هَلْ عَلَيْهِ مَنْ دَيْنٍ ". قَالُوا نَعَمْ. قَالَ " صَلُّوا عَلَى
صَاحِبِكُمْ ". قَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ عَلَىَّ دَيْنُهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ.
فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ.
Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari2295 مرجع : صحيح البخاري| In-book reference مرجع التصنيف : Book 39 الكتاب, Hadith 6 الحديث | Online translation (USC-MSA) reference
مرجع الترجمة على الإنترنت : Vol. 3 الجزء, Book 37 الكتاب, Hadith 492 الحديث | (deprecated numbering scheme نظام الترقيم موقوف)
(wife of the Prophet) Since I reached the age when I could remember things, I
have seen my parents worshipping according to the right faith of Islam. Not a
single day passed but Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) visited us both in the morning and
in the evening. When the Muslims were persecuted, Abu Bakr set out for Ethiopia
as an emigrant. When he reached a place called Bark-al-Ghimad, he met Ibn
Ad-Daghna, the chief of the Qara tribe, who asked Abu Bakr, "Where are you
going?" Abu Bakr said, "My people have turned me out of the country and I would
like to tour the world and worship my Lord." Ibn Ad- Daghna said, "A man like
you will not go out, nor will he be turned out as you help the poor earn their
living, keep good relation with your Kith and kin, help the disabled (or the
dependents), provide guests with food and shelter, and help people during their
troubles. I am your protector. So, go back and worship your Lord at your home."
Ibn Ad-Daghna went along with Abu Bakr and took him to the chiefs of Quraish
saying to them, "A man like Abu Bakr will not go out, nor will he be turned out.
Do you turn out a man who helps the poor earn their living, keeps good relations
with Kith and kin, helps the disabled, provides guests with food and shelter,
and helps the people during their troubles?" So, Quraish allowed Ibn Ad-Daghna's
guarantee of protection and told Abu- Bakr that he was secure, and said to Ibn
Ad-Daghna, "Advise Abu Bakr to worship his Lord in his house and to pray and
read what he liked and not to hurt us and not to do these things publicly, for
we fear that our sons and women may follow him." Ibn Ad-Daghna told Abu Bakr of
all that, so Abu- Bakr continued worshipping his Lord in his house and did not
pray or recite Qur'an aloud except in his house. Later on Abu Bakr had an idea
of building a mosque in the court yard of his house. He fulfilled that idea and
started praying and reciting Qur'an there publicly. The women and the offspring
of the pagans started gathering around him and looking at him astonishingly. Abu
Bakr was a softhearted person and could not help weeping while reciting Qur'an.
This horrified the pagan chiefs of Quraish. They sent for Ibn Ad-Daghna and when
he came, they said, "We have given Abu Bakr protection on condition that he will
worship his Lord in his house, but he has transgressed that condition and has
built a mosque in the court yard of his house and offered his prayer and recited
Qur'an in public. We are afraid lest he mislead our women and offspring. So, go
to him and tell him that if he wishes he can worship his Lord in his house only,
and if not, then tell him to return your pledge of protection as we do not like
to betray you by revoking your pledge, nor can we tolerate Abu Bakr's public
declaration of Islam (his worshipping). 'Aisha added: Ibn Ad-Daghna came to Abu
Bakr and said, "You know the conditions on which I gave you protection, so you
should either abide by those conditions or revoke my protection, as I do not
like to hear the 'Arabs saying that Ibn Ad-Daghna gave the pledge of protection
to a person and his people did not respect it." Abu Bakr said, "I revoke your
pledge of protection and am satisfied with Allah's protection." At that time
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was still in Mecca and he said to his companions, "Your
place of emigration has been shown to me. I have seen salty land, planted with
date-palms and situated between two mountains which are the two ,Harras." So,
when the Prophet (ﷺ) told it, some of the companions migrated to Medina, and
some of those who had migrated to Ethiopia returned to Medina. When Abu Bakr
prepared for emigration, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said to him, "Wait, for I expect
to be permitted to emigrate." Abu Bakr asked, "May my father be sacrificed for
your sake, do you really expect that?" Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) replied in the
affirmative. So, Abu Bakr postponed his departure in order to accompany Allah's
Messenger (ﷺ) and fed two camels which he had, with the leaves of Samor trees
for four months.
Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari2297 مرجع : صحيح البخاري| In-book reference مرجع التصنيف : Book 39 الكتاب, Hadith 8 الحديث | Online translation (USC-MSA) reference
مرجع الترجمة على الإنترنت : Vol. 3 الجزء, Book 37 الكتاب, Hadith 494 الحديث | (deprecated numbering scheme نظام الترقيم موقوف)
Whenever a dead man in debt was brought to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) he would ask,
"Has he left anything to repay his debt?" If he was informed that he had left
something to repay his debts, he would offer his funeral prayer, otherwise he
would tell the Muslims to offer their friend's funeral prayer. When Allah made
the Prophet (ﷺ) wealthy through conquests, he said, "I am more rightful than
other believers to be the guardian of the believers, so if a Muslim dies while
in debt, I am responsible for the repayment of his debt, and whoever leaves
wealth (after his death) it will belong to his heirs. "
Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari2298 مرجع : صحيح البخاري| In-book reference مرجع التصنيف : Book 39 الكتاب, Hadith 9 الحديث | Online translation (USC-MSA) reference
مرجع الترجمة على الإنترنت : Vol. 3 الجزء, Book 37 الكتاب, Hadith 495 الحديث | (deprecated numbering scheme نظام الترقيم موقوف)
