It was narrated that Mujahid said:
"The Khumus that is for Allah and His Messenger was for the Prophet and His
relatives; they did not take anything from the Sadaqah. The Prophet was
allocated one-fifth of the Khumus; his relatives were allocated one-fifth of the
Khumus; the same was allocated to orphans, the poor and they wayfarers." (Da
'if) Abu Abdur-Rahman (An-Nasi) said: Allah, the Majestic is he and Praised,
said: "And know that whatever of spoils of war that you may gain, verily,
one-fifth of it is assigned to Allah, and to the Messenger, and to the near
relatives ( of the Messenger (Muhammad)), (and also) the orphans, Al-Masakin
(the Poor) and the wayfarer." His, the Mighty and Sublime, saying to Allah
starts the speech since everything is of Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, saying
to Allah starts the speech since everything is of Allah, the Mighty and Sublime.
And perhaps He only oened His speech about the Fay and the Khumus, mentioning
Himself, because that is the noblest of earnings. And He did not attribute
Sadaqah to Himself, the Mighty and Sublime, because that is the dirt of people.
And Allah knows best. It was said that something should be taken form the spoils
of war and placed inside the Kabah, and this is the share that is for Allah, the
Mighty and Sublime. The share of the Messenger is to be given to the imam to buy
horses and weapons, and to give to whomever he thinks will benefit the people of
Islam, and to the people of Hadith, Knowledge, Fiqh and the Quran. The share
that is for near relatives should be given to Banu Hashim and Banu Al-Muttablib,
rich and poor alike, or it was said that it should be given to the poor among
them and not to the rich, such as orphans and wayfarers. This is the view that
is more appropriate in my view, and Allah knows best. And the young and the old,
male and female, are equal in that, because Allah, the mighty and sublime, has
allocated it to them and the Messenger of Allah distributed it among them, and
there is nothing in the Hadith to indicate that he preferred some of them over
others. And there is no scholarly dispute, as far as we know, to suggest that if
a man bequeaths one-third of his wealth to such a tribe, to be distributed out
among them equally, that it should be done otherwise, unless the giver
stipulated otherwise. And Allah is the source of strength. And (there is) a
share for the orphans among the Muslims, and a share for the poor among the
Muslims, and a share for the wayfarers among the Muslims. No one should be given
both a share for the poor and a share for the wayfarer; it is to be said to him:
"Take whichever of them you want." And the other four-fifths are to be divided
by the imam among those adult Muslims who were present in the battle. (Daif)
أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، قَالَ أَنْبَأَنَا مَحْبُوبٌ،
قَالَ أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ شَرِيكٍ، عَنْ خُصَيْفٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ،
قَالَ الْخُمُسُ الَّذِي لِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ كَانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه
وسلم وَقَرَابَتِهِ لاَ يَأْكُلُونَ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ شَيْئًا فَكَانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ
صلى الله عليه وسلم خُمُسُ الْخُمُسِ وَلِذِي قَرَابَتِهِ خُمُسُ الْخُمُسِ
وَلِلْيَتَامَى مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ وَلِلْمَسَاكِينِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ وَلاِبْنِ السَّبِيلِ
مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ . قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ
{ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَىْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ
وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ
السَّبِيلِ } وَقَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِلَّهِ ابْتِدَاءُ كَلاَمٍ لأَنَّ
الأَشْيَاءَ كُلَّهَا لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَلَعَلَّهُ إِنَّمَا اسْتَفْتَحَ
الْكَلاَمَ فِي الْفَىْءِ وَالْخُمُسِ بِذِكْرِ نَفْسِهِ لأَنَّهَا أَشْرَفُ
الْكَسْبِ وَلَمْ يَنْسُبِ الصَّدَقَةَ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لأَنَّهَا
أَوْسَاخُ النَّاسِ وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ وَقَدْ قِيلَ يُؤْخَذُ مِنَ
الْغَنِيمَةِ شَىْءٌ فَيُجْعَلُ فِي الْكَعْبَةِ وَهُوَ السَّهْمُ الَّذِي لِلَّهِ
عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَسَهْمُ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِلَى الإِمَامِ يَشْتَرِي
الْكُرَاعَ مِنْهُ وَالسِّلاَحَ وَيُعْطِي مِنْهُ مَنْ رَأَى مِمَّنْ رَأَى فِيهِ
غَنَاءً وَمَنْفَعَةً لأَهْلِ الإِسْلاَمِ وَمِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ وَالْعِلْمِ
وَالْفِقْهِ وَالْقُرْآنِ وَسَهْمٌ لِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَهُمْ بَنُو هَاشِمٍ وَبَنُو
الْمُطَّلِبِ بَيْنَهُمُ الْغَنِيُّ مِنْهُمْ وَالْفَقِيرُ وَقَدْ قِيلَ إِنَّهُ
لِلْفَقِيرِ مِنْهُمْ دُونَ الْغَنِيِّ كَالْيَتَامَى وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ وَهُوَ
أَشْبَهُ الْقَوْلَيْنِ بِالصَّوَابِ عِنْدِي وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ
وَالصَّغِيرُ وَالْكَبِيرُ وَالذَّكَرُ وَالأُنْثَى سَوَاءٌ لأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ
وَجَلَّ جَعَلَ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ وَقَسَّمَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم
فِيهِمْ وَلَيْسَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّهُ فَضَّلَ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَلاَ
خِلاَفَ نَعْلَمُهُ بَيْنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ فِي رَجُلٍ لَوْ أَوْصَى بِثُلُثِهِ
لِبَنِي فُلاَنٍ أَنَّهُ بَيْنَهُمْ وَأَنَّ الذَّكَرَ وَالأُنْثَى فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ
إِذَا كَانُوا يُحْصَوْنَ فَهَكَذَا كُلُّ شَىْءٍ صُيِّرَ لِبَنِي فُلاَنٍ أَنَّهُ
بَيْنَهُمْ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ إِلاَّ أَنْ يُبَيِّنَ ذَلِكَ الآمِرُ بِهِ وَاللَّهُ
وَلِيُّ التَّوْفِيقِ وَسَهْمٌ لِلْيَتَامَى مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَسَهْمٌ
لِلْمَسَاكِينِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَسَهْمٌ لاِبْنِ السَّبِيلِ مِنَ
الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَلاَ يُعْطَى أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ سَهْمُ مِسْكِينٍ وَسَهْمُ ابْنِ
السَّبِيلِ وَقِيلَ لَهُ خُذْ أَيَّهُمَا شِئْتَ وَالأَرْبَعَةُ أَخْمَاسٍ
يَقْسِمُهَا الإِمَامُ بَيْنَ مَنْ حَضَرَ الْقِتَالَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ
الْبَالِغِينَ .
