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23. Surah Al-Mu'minân سورة المؤمنون

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This Surah (Revealed) Meccan: it consists of 118 or 119 verses, revealed after [sūrat] al-Anbiyāâ.(Al-Muâminân)
 
Ayah  23:1  الأية
بِسْم ِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
Ayah First  1  الأية
Tafseer
 
378 Indeed (qad is for confirmation) prosperous, victorious, are the believers,
 
Ayah  23:2  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
those who in their prayers are humble,
 
Ayah  23:3  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
and who shun vain talk, and other [nonsense],
 
Ayah  23:4  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
and who fulfil payment of alms,
 
Ayah  23:5  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
and who guard their private parts, against what is unlawful,
 
Ayah  23:6  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
except from their spouses, that is, to their spouses, and what [slaves] their right hands possess, that is, concubines, for then they are not blameworthy, in having sexual intercourse with them.
 
Ayah  23:7  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
But whoever seeks [anything] beyond that, [intercourse with] wives and concubines, such as masturbation: those, they are transgressors, who have overstepped [the bounds] into what is not lawful for them.
 
Ayah  23:8  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And who are keepers of their trusts (may be read as plural, amānātihim, âtheir trustsâ, or singular, amānatihim, âtheir trustâ) and covenants, [made] between them, or between them and God, such as [the observance of] prayer and so on.
 
Ayah  23:9  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And who are watchful of their prayers (may be read as plural, salawātihim, âtheir prayersâ, or singular, salātihim, âtheir prayerâ) observing them at their appointed times.
 
Ayah  23:10  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Those, they are the inheritors, and none other than them,
 
Ayah  23:11  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
who shall inherit Paradise (al-firdaws), the name of a garden, the highest of the gardens of Heaven â wherein they will abide; herein is an allusion to the Return [in the Hereafter] and so it is fitting that the Beginning [of creation] should be mentioned next:
 
Ayah  23:12  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And, by God, We certainly created man, Adam, from an extraction (min sulālatin, derives from [the verbal expression] salaltuâl-shayâa minaâl-shayâ, âI drew one thing out of anotherâ, meaning, âI extracted it therefromâ) his [Adamâs] substance being, of clay (min tīnin is semantically connected to sulālatin, âan extractionâ). 379
 
Ayah  23:13  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Then We made him, namely, man, the progeny of Adam, a drop, a sperm-drop, in a secure lodging, which is the womb.
 
Ayah  23:14  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Then We transformed the drop [of semen] into a clot, congealed blood. Then We transformed the clot into a [little] lump of flesh (mudgha), a piece of flesh, about the size of what one would be able to chew (mā yumdagh). Then We transformed the lump of flesh into bones. Then We clothed the bones with flesh (a variant reading in both instances [instead of the plurals âizāman and al-âizāma, âthe bonesâ] is [singular] âazman [and âal-âazma], âthe boneâ; and in all three instances above khalaqnā, means âWe made it becomeâ [as opposed to âWe createdâ]). Then We produced him as [yet] another creature, by breathing into him [Our] Spirit. So blessed be God, the best of creators!, that is, [the best of] determiners (the specificier noun for ahsana, âthe bestâ, has been omitted because it is obvious: khalqan, âin terms of creationâ).
 
Ayah  23:15  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Then indeed after that you die.
 
Ayah  23:16  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Then on the Day of Resurrection you shall surely be raised, for reckoning and requital.
 
Ayah  23:17  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And verily We created above you seven paths, that is, [seven] heavens (tarāâiq is the plural of tarīqa [so called] because they are the paths used by the angels) and of creation, that lies beneath these [paths], We are never unmindful, lest these should fall upon them and destroy them. Nay, but We hold them back, as [stated] in the verse: And He holds back the heaven lest it should fall upon the earth [Q. 22:65].
 
Ayah  23:18  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And We sent down water out of the heaven in measure, that suffices them, and We lodged it within the earth; and We are indeed able to take it away, so that they die of thirst together with their livestock.
 
Ayah  23:19  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Then We produced for you therewith gardens of date palms and vines â these being the most common fruits of the Arabs â wherein is abundant fruit for you, and whereof you eat, in summer and winter.
 
Ayah  23:20  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And, We produced, a tree that grows on Mount of Sinai (read Sīnāâ or Saynāâ, indeclinable as it is a proper noun with the feminine ending denoting a location) that produces (read either as tunbitu from the fourth form [anbata], or as tanbutu from the trilateral form [nabata]) oil (biâl-duhni: in the case of the former [reading of tunbitu] the bāâ [bi-] here would be extra, whereas in the case of the second [reading of tanbutu], it would be [a preposition needed] for the transitive) â and this [tree] is the olive tree, and seasoning for those who eat (wa-sibghin liâl-ākilīna, a supplement to biâl-duhni, âoilâ, [that is to say] it is [like] a dye that colours a morsel dipped in it) â and this [seasoning] is the [olive] oil.
 
Ayah  23:21  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And surely in the cattle, that is, [in] camels, cows and sheep, there is for you a lesson, an admonition for you to heed. We give you to drink (read nasqīkum or nusqīkum) of what is in their bellies, [of] milk, and you have many uses in them, such as [the extraction of] wool, fur and hairs and other [uses], and you eat of 380 them.
 
Ayah  23:22  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And on them, the camels, and on ships you are carried.
 
Ayah  23:23  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And verily We sent Noah to his people, and he said, âO my people, worship God, obey God and affirm His Oneness. You have no [other] god besides Him (ghayruhu is the subject of mā, ânoâ; the preceding [min ilāhin, âgodâ] is the predicate, the min being extra). Will you not then fear?â His punishment in worshipping [gods] other than Him?
 
Ayah  23:24  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
But the council of his people, who disbelieved, said, to their followers, âThis is just a human being like you who desires to gain superiority, to have the honour, over you, by acquiring followers, you being [his] followers. And had God willed, that none other than Him be worshipped, He would have sent down angels, with that [Message], and not [assigned] a human being [for it]. We never heard of such, an affirmation of Godâs Oneness as that which Noah summons [us], among our forefathers, [among] past communities.
 
Ayah  23:25  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
He, Noah, is just a man possessed by madness, a case of dementia. So bear with him for a whileâ, until he dies.
 
Ayah  23:26  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
He, Noah, said, âMy Lord, help me, against them, because they deny meâ, because of their denial of me, by destroying them. God, exalted be He, says, responding to his supplication:
 
Ayah  23:27  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
So We revealed to him [saying], âBuild the Ark, the ship, under Our watch, under Our observation and protection, and [by] Our revelation, Our command. Then, when Our command comes, that they be destroyed, and the oven, of the baker, gushes, with water â and this was Noahâs sign â bring into it, admit into the ship, of every kind [of animal] two mates, a male and a female, that is, [two] of every species thereof (ithnayn is an object; min, âofâ, is semantically connected to usluk, âbring into [it]â). According to the story God, exalted be He, gathered all the beasts of prey and the birds and other [animals] for Noah. As he [Noah] pushed forth his hands into each species, his right hand would fall upon a male and the left upon a female, whereafter he would take them on board the ship (a variant reading [for min kuli, âof everyâ] is min kullin, âof every [kind]â, in which case zawjayni, â[two] matesâ, becomes a direct object, with ithnayn, âtwoâ, [being repeated] for emphasis thereof); together with your family â his wife [?] and children â except for those against whom the Word has already gone forth, that they be destroyed, namely, his wife and his son Canaan (Kanâān), unlike Shem (Sām), Ham (Hām) and Japheth (Yāfith) whom, together with their three wives, he carried on board. In sūrat Hūd [the following is mentioned where Noah is told who he should carry in the ship]: ââ and those who believe.â And none believed with him except a few [Q. 11:40]. It is said that these were six men and their wives. Moreover it is said that all those who were on the ship numbered seventy eight, half of them were men and half were women. And do not plead with Me concerning those who have done wrong, those who have disbelieved, that I should refrain from destroying them. They shall indeed be drowned.
 
Ayah  23:28  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And when you have settled, [when] you are balanced, in the Ark together with those with you, say, âPraise be to God Who has delivered us from the wrongdoing folkâ, [from] the disbelievers and the destruction that 381 came upon them.
 
Ayah  23:29  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And say, upon disembarking from the ship: âMy Lord, cause me to land with a landing (read munzalan as the verbal noun as well as the noun of place [for âlandingâ]; or manzilan as [meaning] the site of the landing) blessed, being that landing or place, for You are the best of all who bring to landâ â, that which has been mentioned.
 
Ayah  23:30  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Surely in that, mentioned matter of Noah, the ship and the destruction of the disbelievers, there are signs, indicators of Godâs power, exalted be He, and indeed (wa-in, in has been softened in place of the hardened form, its subject being the pronoun of the matter) We were putting to the test, [indeed We were] trying the people of Noah by sending him [as Godâs messenger] to them and [by] his admonitions [to them].
 
Ayah  23:31  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Then, after them, We brought forth another generation, [another] people, namely, and these were [the people of] âĀd.
 
Ayah  23:32  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And We sent among them a messenger of their own, namely, Hūd, saying, âWorship God! You have no other god besides Him. Will you not then be wary?â, of His punishment and become believers?
 
Ayah  23:33  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
The council of his people, who disbelieved and denied the encounter of the Hereafter, [they denied] that they will end up thereat, and whom We had given affluence, whom We had provided with comforts, in the life of this world, said: âThis is only a human being like you: he eats what you eat and drinks what you drink.
 
Ayah  23:34  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And, by God, if you obey a human being like yourselves (this [clause] contains both an oath and a conditional; the response belongs to the former [the oath], which [at the same time] suffices in place of a response for the latter [the conditional]) you will surely then, that is, should you obey them, be losers, you will have been duped.
 
Ayah  23:35  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Does he promise you that when you have died and become dust and bones, you shall be brought forth? (mukhrajūna, this is the predicate of the first annakum, âthat â youâ; the second annakum [simply] reiterates it because of the long separation [between the subject and its predicate]).
 
Ayah  23:36  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Far-fetched, far-fetched (hayhāt is a noun of action in the past tense, functioning as a verbal noun, meaning baâuda baâuda, âfar from it, far from it!â) is what you are promised!, in the way of being brought forth from the graves (li-mā: the lām is extra, for explication).
 
Ayah  23:37  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
There is nothing, that is, there is no life, but our life in this world: we die, and we live, [again only] through the lives of our offspring, and we shall not be raised [again]. 382
 
Ayah  23:38  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
He is, the Messenger is, just a man who has invented a lie against God, and we will not believe in himâ, we will [not] accept the truth of resurrection after death.
 
Ayah  23:39  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
He said, âMy Lord, help me because they have denied meâ.
 
Ayah  23:40  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
He said, âIn a little while, of time (âammā: the mā is extra), they will become remorsefulâ, about their disbelief and their denial.
 
Ayah  23:41  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
So the Cry, the Cry of chastisement and destruction, seized them rightfully, and they died, and We made them as husks (ghuthāâ is desiccated vegetation, in other words, We transformed them into similarly desiccated [worthless] things). So a far removal, from mercy, for the evildoing folk, the denying [folk].
 
Ayah  23:42  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Then, after them, We brought forth other generations, [other] peoples.
 
Ayah  23:43  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
No community can precede its term, by dying before it, nor be deferred, beyond it (the person [in the second verb yastaâkhirūna, âbe deferredâ] is masculine, having been feminine [in the first verb tasbiqu, âprecedeâ] because this [masculine plural] takes into account the [plural masculine] content [of the term âcommunityâ]).
 
Ayah  23:44  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Then sent We Our messengers successively (read tatran or tatrā: one following the other, with a long interval between every two). Whenever there came to a community (jāâa ummatan: read pronouncing both hamzas, or without pronouncing the second one between it and the wāw [vowel]) its messenger they denied him; so We made them follow one another, to destruction, and We turned them into folktales. So away with a people who do not believe!
 
Ayah  23:45  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Then We sent Moses and his brother Aaron with Our signs and a manifest warrant, a clear proof, namely, the hand, the staff and other signs,
 
Ayah  23:46  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
to Pharaoh and his council; but they disdained, to believing in them and in God, and they were a tyrannical folk, subjugating the Children of Israel through oppression.
 
Ayah  23:47  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And they said, âShall we believe two humans like ourselves, while their people are servile to us?â, obedient and submissive.
 
Ayah  23:48  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
383 So they denied them [both] and became of those who were destroyed.
 
Ayah  23:49  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And verily We gave Moses the Scripture, the Torah, that perhaps they, his people, the Children of Israel, might be guided, thereby from error â he [Moses] was given it [the Scripture] after the destruction of Pharaoh and his folk all at once.
 
Ayah  23:50  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And We made the son of Mary, Jesus, and his mother a sign â He did not say âtwo signsâ because the same sign is in both of them: his being born without [his motherâs having] a male spouse. And We gave them refuge on a height (rabwa), a highland â in this case [either] the Holy House [of Jerusalem], Damascus or Palestine, all of which are [alternative] opinions â level (dhāt qarār), an flat [high-] land on which its inhabitants are able to settle (yastaqirru), and watered by springs, running water, over ground, which the eyes can see.
 
Ayah  23:51  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
âO messengers, eat of the good things, the lawful things, and perform righteous acts, such as obligatory and supererogatory [rituals]. Surely I know what you do, and will requite you for it.
 
Ayah  23:52  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And know, that this, creed of Islam, is your community, your religion, O you being addressed, that is, you must adhere to it as, one community â a necessary state [of affairs] (a variant reading [for anna, âthatâ] has the softened form [in]; a variant has inna, âtrulyâ, indicating the beginning of [an independent] new sentence) and I am your Lord, so fear Meâ, so be fearful of Me.
 
Ayah  23:53  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
But they, the followers, split into sects regarding their affair, their religion (zuburan, âsectsâ, is a circumstantial qualifier of the subject of the verb taqattaâū, âthey splitâ), in other words, [they became] opposing parties, the likes of the Jews and the Christians and others, each party rejoicing in, exultant with, what they had, that is, with the religion they had.
 
Ayah  23:54  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
So leave them, the disbelievers of Mecca, in their error, their misguidance, for a while, until they die.
 
Ayah  23:55  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Do they suppose that in the wealth and children with which We provide them, in the life of this world,
 
Ayah  23:56  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
We are hastening to [provide] them with good things? No. Rather, they are not aware, that this is a way of gradually drawing them [into their punishment].
 
Ayah  23:57  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Surely those who, for fear of their Lord, are apprehensive, are fearful of His chastisement,
 
Ayah  23:58  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
and who believe in, [who] accept the truth of, the signs of their Lord â the Qurâān; 384
 
Ayah  23:59  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
and who do not associate others with their Lord,
 
Ayah  23:60  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
and who give what they give, of voluntary alms and righteous deeds, while their hearts tremble [with awe], fearful lest it not be accepted from them, because (the particle lām, âforâ, is taken as implied before annahum, âthat theyâ) they are going to return to their Lord â
 
Ayah  23:61  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
those [are the ones who] hasten to [perform] good works, and they [are the ones who] shall come out ahead in them, according to Godâs knowledge.
 
Ayah  23:62  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And We do not task any soul beyond its capacity, what it can bear â thus he who is not able to pray standing, let him pray sitting down and he who is not able to fast, let him eat; and with Us is a Record that speaks the truth, regarding what it [a soul] has done â and this [Record] is the Preserved Tablet (al-lawh al-mahfūz), wherein deeds are written down; and they, namely, the souls in their acts, will not be wronged, in a single thing thereof, and so nothing is diminished of the reward for good deeds, nor is anything [extra] added to the evil deeds.
 
Ayah  23:63  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Nay, but their hearts, that is, [the hearts of] the disbelievers, are in ignorance of this, Qurâān, and they have other deeds which they will perpetrate besides, the ones mentioned, against the believers, and they will therefore be chastised for them.
 
Ayah  23:64  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Indeed (hattā is for inceptiveness) when We seize their affluent ones, their wealthy and their leaders, with chastisement, [with] the sword, on the day of Badr, behold! they are supplicating loudly, clamouring [in supplication]. It is [then] said to them:
 
Ayah  23:65  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
âDo not supplicate [out loud] on this day! Truly you will not receive help, you will not be protected, against Us.
 
Ayah  23:66  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Verily My signs, in the Qurâān, used to be recited to you, but you used to take to your heels, falling back in retreat,
 
Ayah  23:67  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
disdainful, of [embracing] faith, because of it, that is, because of the [Sacred] House or the [Meccan] Sanctuary and their being inhabitants thereof, secure, in contrast to [the situation with] all [other] peoples in their hometowns, while in [your] night sessions (sāmiran is a circumstantial qualifier,) in other words, they come together to converse at night around the [Sacred] House, you talked nonsenseâ ([if read as] tahjurūna, the third form [from hajara] means [while] âyou disregardedâ the Qurâān; [but if read] as the fourth form [tuhjirūna, from ahjara] it means [while] âyou speak falsehoodâ about the Prophet and the Qurâān). 385
 
Ayah  23:68  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
God, exalted be He, says: Have they not contemplated (yaddabbarū should actually be yatadabbarū, but the tāâ has been assimilated with the dāl) the discourse, namely, the Qurâān that is proof of the Prophetâs sincerity, or has there come upon them that which has not come upon their forefathers?
 
Ayah  23:69  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Or is it that they do not recognise their [own] Messenger and so they reject him?
 
Ayah  23:70  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Or do they say, âThere is a madness in himâ? â this interrogative is meant as an affirmation of the truth of the Prophetâs sincerity, and [of the fact] that messengers did come to past communities, and [of the fact] that they [do indeed] recognise their Messenger to be truthful and trustworthy, and [of the fact] that there is no madness in him. Nay (bal is for transition), he has brought them the truth, namely, the Qurâān that comprises [affirmations of] the Oneness [of God] and the Laws of Islam; but most of them are averse to the truth.
 
Ayah  23:71  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And if the truth, namely, the Qurâān, had followed their desires, and come to them with [mention of] what they fancied in the way of God having a partner and a child, may God be exalted above such [associations], indeed the heavens and the earth and whoever is in them would have been corrupted, they [the heavens and the earth] would have deviated from their observed order, because contradictions would ensue, as is usually the case, when there is more than one ruler. Nay, We have brought them their Remembrance, namely, the Qurâān, in which they are remembered and honoured, but they are disregardful of their [own] Remembrance.
 
Ayah  23:72  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Or do you ask them for any recompense?, any remuneration, in return for the faith that you have brought them? Yet the recompense of your Lord is, His remuneration, His reward and His provision [are], better (one reading has kharjan, ârecompenseâ, in both instances [sc. kharjan fa-kharju]; another has kharājan in both [sc. kharājan fa-kharāju]) and He is the best of providers, the best of givers and remunerators.
 
Ayah  23:73  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And truly you summon them to a straight path, a [straight] route, that is, the religion of Islam.
 
Ayah  23:74  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And truly those who do not believe in the Hereafter, in resurrection, reward and punishment, deviate, swerve away, from the path, that is, the route [to salvation].
 
Ayah  23:75  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And had We shown them mercy and relieved them of the harm afflicting them â the famine that befell them in Mecca for seven years â they would surely persist in their insolence, [in] their error, bewildered, hesitating.
 
Ayah  23:76  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And We have already seized them with chastisement, [with] hunger, yet they did not humble themselves to their Lord, nor did they devote themselves to prayer, [nor] did they seek [the pleasure of] God through supplication. 386
 
Ayah  23:77  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Until (hattā is for inceptiveness), when We opened on them the gate of a severe chastisement, namely, the day of Badr, slaying [them], behold! they are aghast thereat, despairing of anything good.
 
Ayah  23:78  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And He it is Who made, created, for you hearing, meaning, ears, and eyes and hearts. Little thanks do you show (qalīlan mā: mā emphasises the paucity [of the thanks]).
 
Ayah  23:79  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And He it is Who dispersed, created, you on earth, and to Him you shall be gathered, resurrected.
 
Ayah  23:80  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And He it is Who gives life, by breathing the Spirit into the embryo (mudgha), and brings death, and due to Him is the alternation of night and day, in darkness and brightness, [and through] increase and diminution. Will you not then comprehend?, His handiwork, exalted be He, and so reflect?
 
Ayah  23:81  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Nay, but they say the like of what the ancients said.
 
Ayah  23:82  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
They, the ancients, said, âWhat, when we are dead and have become dust and bones, shall we then be raised? No! (the two hamzas in each of the two instances are either pronounced fully, or with the second one not pronounced, but with an alif inserted between the two [hamzas] in both [readings]).
 
Ayah  23:83  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Already We and our fathers have been promised this, resurrection after death, before: these are nothing but the fables, the lies, of the ancientsâ, [mere] jokes and strange tales (asātīr, the plural of ustūra).
 
Ayah  23:84  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Say, to them: âTo whom does the earth and whoever is in it, of creatures, belong, if you [truly] knew?â, their Creator and Owner.
 
Ayah  23:85  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
They will say, âTo Godâ. Say, to them: âWill you not then remember?â (tadhakkarūna, the second tāâ [of tatadhakkarūna] has been assimilated with the dhāl) will you [not then] be admonished and so realise that the One Who has the power to originate creation also has the power to resurrect after death?
 
Ayah  23:86  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Say: âWho is the Lord of the seven heavens and the Lord of the Great Throne?â, that is, the throne (kursī).
 
Ayah  23:87  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
They will say, âGodâ. Say: âWill you not then be God-fearing?â, will you then [not] be wary of worshipping [things] other than Him? 387
 
Ayah  23:88  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Say: âIn whose hand is the dominion, the possession, of all things (the [final] tāâ [in malakūt] is hyperbolic), and who protects, while from Him there is no protection, if you know?â
 
Ayah  23:89  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
They will say, âGod.â (a variant reading [for Allāh, âGodâ] in both instances [verses 87 and 89] has liâLlāh, âto Godâ, which is in keeping with the sense of âto whom belongs what has been mentioned?â). Say: âHow then are you bewitched?â, [how then] are you duped and turned away from the truth, the worship of God alone, in other words, âHow do you envisage [all] this to be invalid?â.
 
Ayah  23:90  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Nay, but We have brought them the truth, veracity, and they are indeed liars, in rejecting it, namely [the truth of the following]:
 
Ayah  23:91  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
God has not taken any son, nor is there any god along with Him; for then, that is, if there were a god along with Him, each god would have taken away what he created, he would have made it exclusively his and prevented the other [god] from having any mastery over it; and some of them would surely rise up against others, in challenge, just as the kings of this world are wont to do. Glorified be God â an exaltation of Him â above what they ascribe, to Him, of what has been mentioned.
 
Ayah  23:92  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Knower of the Unseen and the visible, what is hidden and what is observed ([if] read in the genitive [âālimiâlghaybi, âKnower of the Unseenâ], this is an adjectival qualification; [if] in the nominative [âālimuâl-ghaybi, âthe Knower of the Unseen], this would be the predicate of an implied [preceding] huwa, âHe isâ) and exalted, magnified, be He above what they associate!, with Him [of partners].
 
Ayah  23:93  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Say: âMy Lord! If (immā, this contains an assimilation of the conditional particle in with the extra mā) You should show me what they are promised, in the way of chastisement, that it is true, by their being slain at Badr,
 
Ayah  23:94  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
my Lord, then do no put me among the evildoing folkâ, lest I be destroyed when they are destroyed.
 
Ayah  23:95  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And truly We are able to show you what We promise them.
 
Ayah  23:96  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Ward off with that which is better, that is to say, with the [better] trait of pardoning and shunning them, the evil [act], the hurt they cause you â this was [revealed] before the command to fight [them]. We know best what they allege, [what] they invent of lies and [what they] say and so We will requite them for it.
 
Ayah  23:97  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And say: âMy Lord, I seek protection in You from the promptings of devils, [from] their [evil] suggestions, which they whisper. 388
 
Ayah  23:98  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And I seek protection in You, my Lord, lest they visit meâ, in any of my affairs, for they only visit to bring ill.
 
Ayah  23:99  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Until (hattā is for inceptiveness) when death comes to one of them, and he sees his place in the Fire and his [would-be] place in Paradise, had he been a believer, he says, âMy Lord! Send me back (arjiâūn, the plural [person] is [used] to indicate the gravity [of the plea]),
 
Ayah  23:100  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
that I might act righteously, by witnessing that âthere is no god but Godâ, that this might be, in that which I have left behindâ, [in what] I have wasted of my life, in other words [that this affirmation might be] in its place. God, exalted be He, says: By no means!, that is, there shall be no return. It, namely, [the statement] âMy Lord! Send me backâ, is merely a word that he speaks, but [a word] in which there is no benefit for him; and behind them, ahead of them, there is a barrier, which prevents them from going back [to this world], until the day when they are raised, after which [day] there will be no more return.
 
Ayah  23:101  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And when the Trumpet is blown, the Horn, at the first or second blast, there will be no more ties [of kinship] between them on that day, for them to boast of among themselves, nor will they question one another, about such [ties], in contrast to their state in the life of this world, because of the gravity of the situation that will distract them from such [questioning] at certain points during the [Day of] Resurrection. At other [points] they are awake and [as is stated] in one verse: Some of them will turn to others, questioning each other [Q. 37:50].
 
Ayah  23:102  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Then those whose scales are heavy, with good deeds, they are the successful, the winners;
 
Ayah  23:103  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
and those whose scales are light, because of evil deeds, they are the ones who have lost their souls, and so they will be, abiding in Hell.
 
Ayah  23:104  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
The Fire will scorch their faces, it will burn them, while they glower therein, their upper and lower lips having receded from their teeth, and it will be said to them:
 
Ayah  23:105  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
âWere not My signs, in the Qurâān, recited to you, were you [not] threatened therewith, and you used to deny them?â
 
Ayah  23:106  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
They will say, âOur Lord, our wretchedness (shiqwatunā: a variant reading has shaqāwatunā, both of which are verbal nouns with the same meaning) overcame us, and we were an erring folk, [astray] from guidance.
 
Ayah  23:107  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Our Lord, bring us out of it! Then, if we revert, to disobedience, we will indeed be evildoersâ. 389
 
Ayah  23:108  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
He will say, to them by the tongue of a Keeper [of Hell], whose proportion is twice the size of this world: âBegone in it, away with you in the Fire, despicable [as you are], and do not speak to Me, about relieving you from the chastisement â so that [all] their hope is extinguished.
 
Ayah  23:109  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Indeed there was a party of My servants â namely, the Emigrants â who would say, âOur Lord, we believe; therefore forgive us, and have mercy on us, for You are the best of the mercifulâ.
 
Ayah  23:110  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
But then you took them as an object of ridicule (read sukhriyyan or sikhriyyan, a verbal noun meaning âmockeryâ). Among those [ridiculed] were Bilāl [al-Habashī], Suhayb [al-Rūmī], âAmmār [b. Yāsir] and Salmān [al-Fārisī]; until they made you forget My remembrance, which you disregarded, as you were engaged in deriding them. Thus these [men] were the cause of the forgetting, which is why this [act] has been attributed to them, and you used to laugh at them.
 
Ayah  23:111  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Indeed I have rewarded them this day, abiding bliss, for the endurance they showed, while you mocked them and caused them hurt. They are indeed the winnersâ, of what they sought (read innahum as [indicating] a new sentence, or annahum as [indicating] a second direct object of the [verb] jazaytuhum, âI have rewarded themâ).
 
Ayah  23:112  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
He, exalted be He, will say, to them by the tongue of a Keeper [of Hell] (a variant reading [for qāla, âHe will sayâ] has qul, âsayâ): âHow long did you tarry in the earth, in this world and in your graves, in years?â (âadada sinīna is a specification).
 
Ayah  23:113  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
They will say, âWe tarried a day, or part of a day â they are uncertain thereof, deeming it shorter [than what it was] because of the gravity of the chastisement they are suffering. Yet ask those who keep count!â, namely, [ask] the angels who number the deeds of [all] creatures.
 
Ayah  23:114  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
He, exalted, will say, to them, also by the tongue of Keeper [of Hell] (a variant reading [for qāla, âHe will sayâ] has qul, âsayâ): âYou tarried but a little, if only you knew, the length of time you tarried, [you would have realised that it is] trivial relative to how long you will tarry in the Fire.
 
Ayah  23:115  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
Did you suppose that We created you aimlessly, and not for an underlying reason, and that you would not be returned to Us?â (read active tarjiâūna, âyou [would not] returnâ, or passive turjaâūna, âyou [would not] be returnedâ) Nay! But [it was] so that We might enthral you with commands and prohibitions, where after you would be returned to Us for Us to requite [you] accordingly: And I did not create the jinn and mankind except that they may worship Me [Q. 51:56].
 
Ayah  23:116  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
So exalted be God, above aimless action and other such things that do not befit Him, the King, the Truth! 390 There is no god except Him, the Lord of the Noble Throne (âarsh), the throne (kursī), which is a seat [similar to a kingâs] that is exquisite.
 
Ayah  23:117  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And he who calls on another god along with God has no proof thereof (lā burhāna lahu bihi, an [extra] explicative adjectival qualification that has no [other syntactical] signification), his reckoning, his requital, will indeed be with his Lord. Truly the disbelievers will not be successful, they will not be felicitous.
 
Ayah  23:118  الأية
 
Tafseer
 
And say: âMy Lord, forgive and have mercy, on believers â [this] âmercyâ adds to the âforgivenessâ [in terms of Godâs grace] â and You are the best of the mercifulâ, the most excellent of those who have mercy.




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