A Brief About Fasting
EsinIslam
Ramadan
Ramadan Explorer
Muhammad Bin Salih Al-Uthaimeen
All praise to Allah, Lord of the Realms Prayers and peace be upon our Prophet
Muhammad and Upon all his family and companions.
This is a brief about fasting, its ruling, types of people in fasting, factors
that break one's fasting and other benefits in brief.
Fasting means worshipping Allah by abstaining from eating and drinking from
dawn until sun set.
Fasting Ramadan: is one of the greatest pillars of Islam. The Prophet, prayers
and peace be upon him, said: ''Islam is based on five (pillars): Testifying
that there is none has the right to be worshipped but Allah, that Muhammad is
His Slave and Messenger; and the establishment of prayer; and the payment of
Zakah [poorـdue] and the Pilgrimage to the sacred House of Allah (Kabah) and
to fast Ramadan.'' [Agreed upon]
‹‹ بني الإسلام على خمس: شهادة أن لا إله إلا الله وإقام الصلاة وإيتاء الزكاة
وصوم رمضان وحج البيت الحرام››
متفق عليه
Types of People in fasting:
1. Fasting is obligatory on every adult, sane, able, and resident Muslim.
2. An infidel is not under the obligation to fast and if they revert to Islam,
they do not have to make up the fasts during their days of their disbelief.
3. A child that didn't reach puberty do not have to fast but they might be
asked to fast only to get used to it.
4. Insane or mentally deranged individuals do not have to fast or to feed
others on his behalf as a substitute for not fasting even if they are adults.
5. The individuals who are unable to fast because of permanent causes such as
old men or those inflicted with a disease they do not expect to recover from,
have to feed a poor person for every day in Ramadan.
6. The individuals who suffer from a disease they expect to recover from, may
break their fast if they find fasting a burden and make up the missed days
after they recover.
7. If the pregnant and breastfeeding woman who find it hard to fast because of
pregnancy or breastfeeding, or they fear their babies shall be in harm, they
may break their fast and fast the missed days when they find it easy or there
is no fear.
8. The one who is compelled to break his fast to save someone from drowning or
from fire, may break his fast, and make up this day later on.
9. Women in menstrual or in postpartum period are not allowed to fast during
this period, they must break their fast and fast the missed days later.
10. Travelers may fast or break their fast but they have to fast the missed
days later whether their travel is temporary like traveling for Umra or
permanent like taxi drivers, they may break their fast when they travel to
cities other than their city.
Things that break one's fasting
Persons' fasting is not broken if they do one of the things which break their
fast, while they are ignorant or forgetting. Allah Almighty, says: ''Our Lord,
do not impose blame upon us if we have forgotten or erred.'' [Al- Baqarah
2:286]
{...رَبَّنَا لاَ تُؤَاخِذْنَا إِن نَّسِينَا أَوْ أَخْطَأْنَا...}
البقرة: 286
Transliteration: rabbana la tuakhithna in naseena aw akhtana
Allah, the All Mighty, says: "except for one who is forced [to renounce his
religion] while his heart is secure in faith." [Al Nahal 16:106]
{إِلاَّ مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَقَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالإِيمَانِ}
النحل: 106
Transliteration: illa man okriha waqalbuhu mutmainnun bialeemani
His saying: " And there is no blame upon you for that in which you have erred
but [only for] what your hearts intended." [Al-Ahzab 33:5]
{...وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا أَخْطَأْتُم بِهِ وَلَكِن مَّا
تَعَمَّدَتْ قُلُوبُكُمْ...}
الأحزاب: 5
Transliteration: walaysa AAalaykum junahun feema akhtatum bihi walakin ma
taAAammadat quloobukum
If the fasting person eats or drinks forgetting, or if he eats thinking that,
the sun has set or the dawn has not broken, his fasting will not be nullified
because he is ignorant of the incidence.
If the fasting person rinses his mouth with water and it accidently reaches
his throat, his fasting will not be nullified, because he did not do this
deliberately. If he discharged semen (wet dreaming) unintentionally while he
was sleeping, his fasting will not be nullified.
The eight factors that break one's fast:
1. Sexual Intercourse: If a fasting person who is obliged to fast makes a
sexual intercourse in the day of Ramadan; he has to fast another day as a
substitute and make a great expiation, that is to free a slave, if one is not
able to do that, he has two fast two successive months, if he is not able to
do that, he has to feed sixty poor men.
2. Discharge of semen while one is awake, through masturbation, or by
approaching women, kissing, hugging, or the like.
3. Eating or drinking whether it is benefiting or harming such as smoking.
4. Nourishing injections, which substitute food and drink. But non nourishing
injections do not break one's fasting whether they are used in veins or in
muscles and whether one finds their taste in his throat or not.
5. Blood transfer such as when the fasting person bleed and are given blood
transfer to substitute the blood they lost.
6. The discharge of menstrual or postpartum blood.
7. Extracting blood by cupping and the like but if blood emerges naturally
such as bleeding or coming out with the pulling out of teeth do not break
one's fasting because it's not cupping nor constitutes a part of it.
8. Vomiting deliberately, but if one vomit unintentionally his fasting is not
nullified.
Notes:
1. Fasting persons may intend to fast even if they are in a state of major
ritual impurity then they may wash after the crack of dawn.
2. If a woman's menstrual or postpartum period ends before Fajr in Ramadan,
she must fast this day even if she washes after the crack of dawn.
3. The fasting persons may pull out their teeth or molars, cure their wounds
or dropping in one's eyes or ears even if one finds the taste in his throat.
4. Fasting individuals may use Siwak (tooth-cleansing stick) at the beginning
or end of Ramadan days as it is Sunnah while fasting or not.
5. Fasting individuals may use things that relieve the severe hot weather or
thirst such as pouring water on the body to cool down or using air conditions.
6. Fasting individuals may spray (oral inhaler) in their mouth what lightens
the breath shortage resulting from pressure or others.
7. Fasting individuals may damp their lips with water if they get dry and
rinse their mouth with water, if their lips are dry, but not to swallow the
water.
8. The Sunnah is to delay Suhur (pre-dawn meal) before the fast to make it
directly before dawn and to break his fast quickly as soon as the sun sets, to
breakfast on ripe dates, if one does not find then on dry dates, he may break
his fast on water or on any permissible food. If he finds nothing, he only has
to intend to break his fast till he finds anything to do so.
9. The Sunnah for a fasting person is to make many good deeds and abstain from
all prohibitions.
10. The fasting persons have to stick to obligations and abstain from
prohibitions. They have to perform the five daily prayers in a congregation on
time if they have no excuse to perform prayers individually. They have to give
up lying, gossip and backbiting, cheating, all usury transactions and every
prohibited saying or deed.
Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "Whoever does not give up forged
speech and acting upon it, Allah is not in need of his leaving his food and
drink (i.e. Allah will not accept his fasting.)" [Reported by Al-Bukhari]
‹‹من لم يدع قول الزور والعمل به الجهل فليس لله حاجة أن يدع طعامه وشرابه››
رواه البخاري
All praise to Allah, Lord of the Realms Prayers and peace be upon our Prophet
Muhammad and Upon all his family and companions.
Written by: Muhammad Ibn Saleh Al-'Othaymeen
Translated by Wathakker.info website
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