I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) saying, "The reward of deeds depends upon the
intentions and every person will get the reward according to what he has
intended. So whoever emigrated for worldly benefits or for a woman to marry, his
emigration was for what he emigrated for."
حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا
سُفْيَانُ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الأَنْصَارِيُّ، قَالَ
أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيُّ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَلْقَمَةَ
بْنَ وَقَّاصٍ اللَّيْثِيَّ، يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ـ رضى الله
عنه ـ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ
" إِنَّمَا الأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّاتِ، وَإِنَّمَا لِكُلِّ امْرِئٍ مَا نَوَى،
فَمَنْ كَانَتْ هِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى دُنْيَا يُصِيبُهَا أَوْ إِلَى امْرَأَةٍ
يَنْكِحُهَا فَهِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى مَا هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِ ".
Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari1 مرجع : صحيح البخاري| In-book reference مرجع التصنيف : Book 1 الكتاب, Hadith 1 الحديث | Online translation (USC-MSA) reference
مرجع الترجمة على الإنترنت : Vol. 1 الجزء, Book 1 الكتاب, Hadith 1 الحديث | (deprecated numbering scheme نظام الترقيم موقوف)
Narrated 'Aisha (the mother of the faithful believers):
Al-Harith bin Hisham asked Allah's
Messenger (ﷺ) "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! How is the Divine Inspiration revealed
to you?" Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) replied, "Sometimes it is (revealed) like the
ringing of a bell, this form of Inspiration is the hardest of all and then this
state passes off after I have grasped what is inspired. Sometimes the Angel
comes in the form of a man and talks to me and I grasp whatever he says." 'Aisha
added: Verily I saw the Prophet (ﷺ) being inspired divinely on a very cold day
and noticed the sweat dropping from his forehead (as the Inspiration was over).
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ
بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ـ رضى الله عنها
ـ أَنَّ الْحَارِثَ بْنَ هِشَامٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله
عليه وسلم فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ يَأْتِيكَ الْوَحْىُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ
اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " أَحْيَانًا يَأْتِينِي مِثْلَ صَلْصَلَةِ الْجَرَسِ
ـ وَهُوَ أَشَدُّهُ عَلَىَّ ـ فَيُفْصَمُ عَنِّي وَقَدْ وَعَيْتُ عَنْهُ مَا قَالَ،
وَأَحْيَانًا يَتَمَثَّلُ لِيَ الْمَلَكُ رَجُلاً فَيُكَلِّمُنِي فَأَعِي مَا
يَقُولُ ". قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رضى الله عنها وَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ يَنْزِلُ
عَلَيْهِ الْوَحْىُ فِي الْيَوْمِ الشَّدِيدِ الْبَرْدِ، فَيَفْصِمُ عَنْهُ وَإِنَّ
جَبِينَهُ لَيَتَفَصَّدُ عَرَقًا.
Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari2 مرجع : صحيح البخاري| In-book reference مرجع التصنيف : Book 1 الكتاب, Hadith 2 الحديث | Online translation (USC-MSA) reference
مرجع الترجمة على الإنترنت : Vol. 1 الجزء, Book 1 الكتاب, Hadith 2 الحديث | (deprecated numbering scheme نظام الترقيم موقوف)
Narrated 'Aisha (the mother of the faithful believers):
The commencement of the Divine
Inspiration to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was in the form of good dreams which came
true like bright daylight, and then the love of seclusion was bestowed upon him.
He used to go in seclusion in the cave of Hira where he used to worship (Allah
alone) continuously for many days before his desire to see his family. He used
to take with him the journey food for the stay and then come back to (his wife)
Khadija to take his food likewise again till suddenly the Truth descended upon
him while he was in the cave of Hira. The angel came to him and asked him to
read. The Prophet (ﷺ) replied, "I do not know how to read." The Prophet (ﷺ)
added, "The angel caught me (forcefully) and pressed me so hard that I could not
bear it any more. He then released me and again asked me to read and I replied,
'I do not know how to read.' Thereupon he caught me again and pressed me a
second time till I could not bear it any more. He then released me and again
asked me to read but again I replied, 'I do not know how to read (or what shall
I read)?' Thereupon he caught me for the third time and pressed me, and then
released me and said, 'Read in the name of your Lord, who has created (all that
exists), created man from a clot. Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous."
(96.1, 96.2, 96.3) Then Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) returned with the Inspiration and
with his heart beating severely. Then he went to Khadija bint Khuwailid and
said, "Cover me! Cover me!" They covered him till his fear was over and after
that he told her everything that had happened and said, "I fear that something
may happen to me." Khadija replied, "Never! By Allah, Allah will never disgrace
you. You keep good relations with your kith and kin, help the poor and the
destitute, serve your guests generously and assist the deserving
calamity-afflicted ones." Khadija then accompanied him to her cousin Waraqa bin
Naufal bin Asad bin 'Abdul 'Uzza, who, during the pre-Islamic Period became a
Christian and used to write the writing with Hebrew letters. He would write from
the Gospel in Hebrew as much as Allah wished him to write. He was an old man and
had lost his eyesight. Khadija said to Waraqa, "Listen to the story of your
nephew, O my cousin!" Waraqa asked, "O my nephew! What have you seen?" Allah's
Messenger (ﷺ) described whatever he had seen. Waraqa said, "This is the same one
who keeps the secrets (angel Gabriel) whom Allah had sent to Moses. I wish I
were young and could live up to the time when your people would turn you out."
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) asked, "Will they drive me out?" Waraqa replied in the
affirmative and said, "Anyone (man) who came with something similar to what you
have brought was treated with hostility; and if I should remain alive till the
day when you will be turned out then I would support you strongly." But after a
few days Waraqa died and the Divine Inspiration was also paused for a while.
Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari3 مرجع : صحيح البخاري| In-book reference مرجع التصنيف : Book 1 الكتاب, Hadith 3 الحديث | Online translation (USC-MSA) reference
مرجع الترجمة على الإنترنت : Vol. 1 الجزء, Book 1 الكتاب, Hadith 3 الحديث | (deprecated numbering scheme نظام الترقيم موقوف)
Ibn 'Abbas in the explanation of the statement of Allah "Move not your tongue
concerning (the Quran) to make haste therewith." (75.16) said "Allah's Messenger
(ﷺ) used to bear the revelation with great trouble and used to move his lips
(quickly) with the Inspiration." Ibn 'Abbas moved his lips saying, "I am moving
my lips in front of you as Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) used to move his." Said moved
his lips saying: "I am moving my lips, as I saw Ibn 'Abbas moving his." Ibn 'Abbas
added, "So Allah revealed 'Move not your tongue concerning (the Qur'an) to make
haste therewith. It is for Us to collect it and to give you (O Muhammad) the
ability to recite it (the Quran)' (75.16-17) which means that Allah will make
him (the Prophet) remember the portion of the Qur'an which was revealed at that
time by heart and recite it. The statement of Allah: 'And when we have recited
it to you (O Muhammad through Gabriel) then you follow its (Quran) recital'
(75.18) means 'listen to it and be silent.' Then it is for Us (Allah) to make it
clear to you' (75.19) means 'Then it is (for Allah) to make you recite it (and
its meaning will be clear by itself through your tongue). Afterwards, Allah's
Messenger (ﷺ) used to listen to Gabriel whenever he came and after his departure
he used to recite it as Gabriel had recited it."
حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، قَالَ
حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ أَبِي عَائِشَةَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ،
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {لاَ تُحَرِّكْ بِهِ لِسَانَكَ
لِتَعْجَلَ بِهِ} قَالَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يُعَالِجُ مِنَ
التَّنْزِيلِ شِدَّةً، وَكَانَ مِمَّا يُحَرِّكُ شَفَتَيْهِ ـ فَقَالَ ابْنُ
عَبَّاسٍ فَأَنَا أُحَرِّكُهُمَا لَكُمْ كَمَا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه
وسلم يُحَرِّكُهُمَا. وَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ أَنَا أُحَرِّكُهُمَا كَمَا رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ
عَبَّاسٍ يُحَرِّكُهُمَا. فَحَرَّكَ شَفَتَيْهِ ـ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى
{لاَ تُحَرِّكْ بِهِ لِسَانَكَ لِتَعْجَلَ بِهِ* إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا جَمْعَهُ
وَقُرْآنَهُ} قَالَ جَمْعُهُ لَهُ فِي صَدْرِكَ، وَتَقْرَأَهُ {فَإِذَا
قَرَأْنَاهُ فَاتَّبِعْ قُرْآنَهُ} قَالَ فَاسْتَمِعْ لَهُ وَأَنْصِتْ {ثُمَّ
إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا بَيَانَهُ} ثُمَّ إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا أَنْ تَقْرَأَهُ. فَكَانَ
رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ إِذَا أَتَاهُ جِبْرِيلُ
اسْتَمَعَ، فَإِذَا انْطَلَقَ جِبْرِيلُ قَرَأَهُ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم
كَمَا قَرَأَهُ.
Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari5 مرجع : صحيح البخاري| In-book reference مرجع التصنيف : Book 1 الكتاب, Hadith 5 الحديث | Online translation (USC-MSA) reference
مرجع الترجمة على الإنترنت : Vol. 1 الجزء, Book 1 الكتاب, Hadith 4 الحديث | (deprecated numbering scheme نظام الترقيم موقوف)
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was the most generous of all the people, and he used to
reach the peak in generosity in the month of Ramadan when Gabriel met him.
Gabriel used to meet him every night of Ramadan to teach him the Qur'an. Allah's
Messenger (ﷺ) was the most generous person, even more generous than the strong
uncontrollable wind (in readiness and haste to do charitable deeds).
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَانُ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا يُونُسُ،
عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ
اللَّهِ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا يُونُسُ، وَمَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، نَحْوَهُ قَالَ
أَخْبَرَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ
كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَجْوَدَ النَّاسِ، وَكَانَ أَجْوَدُ مَا
يَكُونُ فِي رَمَضَانَ حِينَ يَلْقَاهُ جِبْرِيلُ، وَكَانَ يَلْقَاهُ فِي كُلِّ
لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ فَيُدَارِسُهُ الْقُرْآنَ، فَلَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله
عليه وسلم أَجْوَدُ بِالْخَيْرِ مِنَ الرِّيحِ الْمُرْسَلَةِ.
Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari6 مرجع : صحيح البخاري| In-book reference مرجع التصنيف : Book 1 الكتاب, Hadith 6 الحديث | Online translation (USC-MSA) reference
مرجع الترجمة على الإنترنت : Vol. 1 الجزء, Book 1 الكتاب, Hadith 5 الحديث | (deprecated numbering scheme نظام الترقيم موقوف)
Abu Sufyan bin Harb informed me that Heraclius had sent a messenger to him while
he had been accompanying a caravan from Quraish. They were merchants doing
business in Sham (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and Jordan), at the time when
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) had truce with Abu Sufyan and Quraish infidels. So Abu
Sufyan and his companions went to Heraclius at Ilya (Jerusalem). Heraclius
called them in the court and he had all the senior Roman dignitaries around him.
He called for his translator who, translating Heraclius's question said to them,
"Who amongst you is closely related to that man who claims to be a Prophet?" Abu
Sufyan replied, "I am the nearest relative to him (amongst the group)."
Heraclius said, "Bring him (Abu Sufyan) close to me and make his companions
stand behind him." Abu Sufyan added, Heraclius told his translator to tell my
companions that he wanted to put some questions to me regarding that man (The
Prophet) and that if I told a lie they (my companions) should contradict me."
Abu Sufyan added, "By Allah! Had I not been afraid of my companions labeling me
a liar, I would not have spoken the truth about the Prophet. The first question
he asked me about him was:
'What is his family status amongst you?'
I replied, 'He belongs to a good (noble) family amongst us.'
Heraclius further asked, 'Has anybody amongst you ever claimed the same (i.e. to
be a Prophet) before him?'
I replied, 'No.'
He said, 'Was anybody amongst his ancestors a king?'
I replied, 'No.'
Heraclius asked, 'Do the nobles or the poor follow him?'
I replied, 'It is the poor who follow him.'
He said, 'Are his followers increasing decreasing (day by day)?'
I replied, 'They are increasing.'
He then asked, 'Does anybody amongst those who embrace his religion become
displeased and renounce the religion afterwards?'
I replied, 'No.'
Heraclius said, 'Have you ever accused him of telling lies before his claim (to
be a Prophet)?'
I replied, 'No. '
Heraclius said, 'Does he break his promises?'
I replied, 'No. We are at truce with him but we do not know what he will do in
it.' I could not find opportunity to say anything against him except that.
Heraclius asked, 'Have you ever had a war with him?'
I replied, 'Yes.'
Then he said, 'What was the outcome of the battles?'
I replied, 'Sometimes he was victorious and sometimes we.'
Heraclius said, 'What does he order you to do?'
I said, 'He tells us to worship Allah and Allah alone and not to worship
anything along with Him, and to renounce all that our ancestors had said. He
orders us to pray, to speak the truth, to be chaste and to keep good relations
with our Kith and kin.'
Heraclius asked the translator to convey to me the following, I asked you about
his family and your reply was that he belonged to a very noble family. In fact
all the Apostles come from noble families amongst their respective peoples. I
questioned you whether anybody else amongst you claimed such a thing, your reply
was in the negative. If the answer had been in the affirmative, I would have
thought that this man was following the previous man's statement. Then I asked
you whether anyone of his ancestors was a king. Your reply was in the negative,
and if it had been in the affirmative, I would have thought that this man wanted
to take back his ancestral kingdom.
I further asked whether he was ever accused of telling lies before he said what
he said, and your reply was in the negative. So I wondered how a person who does
not tell a lie about others could ever tell a lie about Allah. I, then asked you
whether the rich people followed him or the poor. You replied that it was the
poor who followed him. And in fact all the Apostle have been followed by this
very class of people. Then I asked you whether his followers were increasing or
decreasing. You replied that they were increasing, and in fact this is the way
of true faith, till it is complete in all respects. I further asked you whether
there was anybody, who, after embracing his religion, became displeased and
discarded his religion. Your reply was in the negative, and in fact this is (the
sign of) true faith, when its delight enters the hearts and mixes with them
completely. I asked you whether he had ever betrayed. You replied in the
negative and likewise the Apostles never betray. Then I asked you what he
ordered you to do. You replied that he ordered you to worship Allah and Allah
alone and not to worship any thing along with Him and forbade you to worship
idols and ordered you to pray, to speak the truth and to be chaste. If what you
have said is true, he will very soon occupy this place underneath my feet and I
knew it (from the scriptures) that he was going to appear but I did not know
that he would be from you, and if I could reach him definitely, I would go
immediately to meet him and if I were with him, I would certainly wash his
feet.' Heraclius then asked for the letter addressed by Allah's Apostle
which was delivered by Dihya to the Governor of Busra, who forwarded it to
Heraclius to read. The contents of the letter were as follows: "In the name of
Allah the Beneficent, the Merciful (This letter is) from Muhammad the slave of
Allah and His Apostle to Heraclius the ruler of Byzantine. Peace be upon him,
who follows the right path. Furthermore I invite you to Islam, and if you become
a Muslim you will be safe, and Allah will double your reward, and if you reject
this invitation of Islam you will be committing a sin by misguiding your
Arisiyin (peasants). (And I recite to you Allah's Statement:)
'O people of the scripture! Come to a word common to you and us that we worship
none but Allah and that we associate nothing in worship with Him, and that none
of us shall take others as Lords beside Allah. Then, if they turn away, say:
Bear witness that we are Muslims (those who have surrendered to Allah).' (3:64).
Abu Sufyan then added, "When Heraclius had finished his speech and had read the
letter, there was a great hue and cry in the Royal Court. So we were turned out
of the court. I told my companions that the question of Ibn-Abi-Kabsha) (the
Prophet (ﷺ) Muhammad) has become so prominent that even the King of Bani Al-Asfar
(Byzantine) is afraid of him. Then I started to become sure that he (the
Prophet) would be the conqueror in the near future till I embraced Islam (i.e.
Allah guided me to it)."
The sub narrator adds, "Ibn An-Natur was the Governor of llya' (Jerusalem) and
Heraclius was the head of the Christians of Sham. Ibn An-Natur narrates that
once while Heraclius was visiting ilya' (Jerusalem), he got up in the morning
with a sad mood. Some of his priests asked him why he was in that mood?
Heraclius was a foreteller and an astrologer. He replied, 'At night when I
looked at the stars, I saw that the leader of those who practice circumcision
had appeared (become the conqueror). Who are they who practice circumcision?'
The people replied, 'Except the Jews nobody practices circumcision, so you
should not be afraid of them (Jews).
'Just Issue orders to kill every Jew present in the country.'
While they were discussing it, a messenger sent by the king of Ghassan to convey
the news of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) to Heraclius was brought in. Having heard the
news, he (Heraclius) ordered the people to go and see whether the messenger of
Ghassan was circumcised. The people, after seeing him, told Heraclius that he
was circumcised. Heraclius then asked him about the Arabs. The messenger
replied, 'Arabs also practice circumcision.'
(After hearing that) Heraclius remarked that sovereignty of the 'Arabs had
appeared. Heraclius then wrote a letter to his friend in Rome who was as good as
Heraclius in knowledge. Heraclius then left for Homs. (a town in Syrian and
stayed there till he received the reply of his letter from his friend who agreed
with him in his opinion about the emergence of the Prophet (ﷺ) and the fact that
he was a Prophet. On that Heraclius invited all the heads of the Byzantines to
assemble in his palace at Homs. When they assembled, he ordered that all the
doors of his palace be closed. Then he came out and said, 'O Byzantines! If
success is your desire and if you seek right guidance and want your empire to
remain then give a pledge of allegiance to this Prophet (i.e. embrace Islam).'
(On hearing the views of Heraclius) the people ran towards the gates of the
palace like onagers but found the doors closed. Heraclius realized their hatred
towards Islam and when he lost the hope of their embracing Islam, he ordered
that they should be brought back in audience.
(When they returned) he said, 'What already said was just to test the strength
of your conviction and I have seen it.' The people prostrated before him and
became pleased with him, and this was the end of Heraclius's story (in
connection with his faith).
Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari7 مرجع : صحيح البخاري| In-book reference مرجع التصنيف : Book 1 الكتاب, Hadith 7 الحديث | Online translation (USC-MSA) reference
مرجع الترجمة على الإنترنت : Vol. 1 الجزء, Book 1 الكتاب, Hadith 6 الحديث | (deprecated numbering scheme نظام الترقيم موقوف)
