عَنِ أَبي عبدِ الرَّحمنِ عبدِ اللهِ
بْنِ عُمَرَ بن الخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: سَمِعتُ
رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: " بنِيَ
الإِسْلاَمُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ: شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ
وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، وَإِقَامِ الصَّلاَةِ، وَإِيتَاءِ
الزَّكَاةِ، وَحَجِّ البَيتِ، وَصَوْمِ رَمَضَانَ".
Abu ‘Abdur-Rahmān ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar
ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported:
“I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon
him) say: ‘Islam is built upon five (pillars): testifying that there is
no god worthy of worship but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of
Allah, establishing the prayer, paying Zakah, performing Hajj and
fasting the month of Ramadan.’”
Hadith Caption بيان الحديث
روى عبدالله بن عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله
عنهما أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: (بني الإسلام على خمس)، أي: أن
الإسلامَ مَثَله كمثل البنيان، وأنّ هذه الخمس بمثابة دعائم البنيان
وأركانه التي يثبت عليها؛ فالأول: شهادة أن لا إله إلا الله، أي: لا معبود
بحق إلا الله، وهذه كلمة التوحيد، ولا يصح الإسلام بدونها، ولا بد من النطق
بها، ومعرفة معناها، والعمل بمقتضاها، وأن محمدًا رسول الله؛ ومقتضاها:
تصديقه في كل ما أخبر به، مما صح لنا سنده، وامتثال ما أمر به، واجتناب ما
نهى عنه، وألا يعبد الله عز وجل إلا بما شرعه.
والثاني:
إقام الصلاة، وهي أهم الأركان بعد الشهادتين، وتأتي في اليوم والليلة خمس
مرات، ولهذا فإنها صلة وثيقة بين العبد وربه، وإقامة الصلاة: هو أداؤها على
وجه الاستقامة.
والثالث:
إيتاء الزكاة، والزكاة عبادة مالية تأتي في السنة مرة واحدة، عند حولان
الحول، أو عند خروج الثمار ونضوجها، ونفعها متعدٍ، ولهذا قدمت على الحج
والصيام، وجاءت بعد الصلاة.
والرابع:
حج بيت الله الحرام، وهو عبادة بدنية؛ لأن الإنسان يفعله بنفسه، وتجزئ فيه
النيابة في حق من يجوز له أن يناب عنه، وهو -أيضًا- عبادة مالية؛ لأنه
يحتاج فيه إلى مال، وإلى زاد.
والخامس:
صوم رمضان، والصيام عبادة بدنية ليست متعدية، وإنما ترك أشياء محددة بنية،
وهي المفطرات، والصيام يجب في السنة شهرًا واحدًا، وهو شهر رمضان.
والركن
الأول لا يصح الإسلام بدونه، والثاني وهو الصلاة كذلك، فعن جابر رضي الله
عنه قال: سمعت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول: «إن بين الرجل وبين الشرك
والكفر ترك الصلاة»، رواه مسلم، وهو على ظاهره، ولم يثبت في الباب ما
يخالفه، وإنما عورض باستنباطات مخالفة لفهم السلف، وقد صح إجماع الصحابة
رضي الله عنهم على كفر تاركها، قال عبد الله بن شقيق العقيلي:" كان أصحاب
محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم لا يرون شيئًا من الأعمال تركه كفر غيرَ الصلاة ".
رواه الترمذي في جامعه، والمروزي في تعظيم قدر الصلاة، وأما الأركان
الثلاثة الباقية فمن تركها بلا عذر فإسلامه ناقص، وهو في ضلال بعيد، وعلى
خطر شديد، ولكنه لا يكفر بذلك؛ لدلالة نصوص أخرى.
‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb
(may Allah be pleased with and his father) reported: “I heard the
Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) say:
‘Islam is built upon five (pillars). Meaning: Islam is like a structure,
and those five are like the supportive pillars that make it firmly
established. The first one is to testify that there is no god worthy of
worship but Allah, which means that there is no deity that is truly
worthy of worship but Allah. It is the word of Tawhīd (Islamic
monotheism) without which one’s Islam is not valid. Verbalizing it is a
must, same as understanding its meaning and acting upon its
requirements. And to testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah,
which entails believing him in all what he conveyed of information
authentically attributed to him, obeying his commands, avoiding what he
forbade, and worshiping Allah only according to the way he ordained. The
second is establishing the prayer, which is the most significant pillar
second to the two testimonies of faith. They are five obligatory prayers
to be performed daily, therefore, it is considered a strong relationship
between the servant and his Lord. Establishing the prayer is to perform
it on a regular basis. The third is to pay Zakah. It is a financial act
of worship done once a year when one full lunar year has passed with the
money liable to Zakah is in the possession of the owner, or when the
fruits are ripe. Zakah’s benefits extend to others and are not limited
to its doer. That is why it comes after prayer, preceding Hajj and
fasting. Fourth: making Hajj to the Sacred House of Allah. It is a
physical act of worship since the person performs it by his own body. It
is permissible and valid to perform it on behalf of others in cases
where authorization in Hajj is allowable. It is also a financial act of
worship, considering the money and provision one needs for its journey.
The fifth is fasting the month of Ramadan. Fasting is a bodily act of
worship that is not extending to others. It is all about refraining from
certain acts (i.e. the invalidators of fasting) with an intention.
Fasting is obligatory for one month only, namely the month of Ramadan.
Islam is not valid without fulfilling the first and the second pillars.
Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: “I heard the Messenger
of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) say: ‘Between a
man and falling into polytheism and disbelief is to abandon the
prayer.’” [Narrated by Muslim] The Hadīth is to be understood according
to its apparent indication, as there are no authentic reports in this
regard to contradict it. There were some deductions not conforming with
the understanding of the righteous predecessors that clashed with its
apparent indication. However, the Companions (may Allah be pleased with
them) unanimously agreed on the disbelief of the one who abandons the
prayer, as authentically reported from them. ‘Abdullah ibn Shaqīq
al-‘Aqīli said: “The Companions of Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and
blessings be upon him) did not believe that the abandonment of any
action constituted disbelief except the abandonment of prayer.”
[Narrated by At-Tirmidhi in Al-Jāmi‘ and Al-Marwazi in Ta‘zhīm qadr
as-salāh] As for the other three pillars, if one abandons them without a
valid excuse, his Islam is deficient and he is in extreme error, and
exposed to great danger. However, he is not considered a disbeliever on
account of such abandonment, based on the indication of other texts.
Applied Traditions آثار الحديث
ذكر العدد في أول الكلام من هدي النبي
صلى الله عليه وسلم؛ لما فيه مِن تحفيز السامع على استيعاب المعدود،
وتشويقه لمعرفته، ومطالبة نفسه بتحصيله وضبطه، بحيث إنّه إذا فاته منه شيء،
سعى في تحصيل ما نقصه منه.
تلازم
الشهادتين، ووجوب الجمع بينهما، وأنه لو اقتصر على إحداهما لم تنفعه.
الشهادتان
هما أساس في ذاتيهما، وهما أساس لبقية الأركان، ولكل عمل يتقرب به إلى الله
سبحانه وتعالى، وإذا لم يكن العمل مبنيًا على الشهادتين فإنه يكون مردودًا
على صاحبه وغير مقبول، ولا ينفع صاحبه عند الله عز وجل.
شمول
الشهادتين لكل الدين وكل الأعمال الظاهرة والباطنة.
فيه دليل
على أنه يبدأ بالأهم فالأهم.
أهمية
الإتيان بالصلاة على وجهها الصحيح وإقامتها.
أهمية
الصوم والزكاة والحج، وأن من انتقص منها شيئًا نقص من دينه.
أن هذا
الحديث أصل عظيم في معرفة الدِّين، وعليه اعتماده، وقد جمع أركانه.
أن هذه
الفروض الخمسة من فروض الأعيان، لا تسقط بإقامة البعض عن الباقين.
The mention of numbers at the
beginning of a speech was part of the guidance of the Prophet (may
Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) as it urges the listener to
grasp the counted object, makes him excited to know it in its exact form
and accomplish it perfectly, in the sense that if he misses something
thereof, he seeks to fulfill it. The two testimonies of faith are
correlated and it is obligatory to join them together. Saying and acting
upon one of them apart from the other is of no avail. The two
testimonies of faith are essential elements per se, and for the other
pillars as well. They are also essential for the validity of any deed
performed for the purpose of getting closer to Allah Almighty. A deed
that is not based upon these two testimonies is rejected and not
accepted from its doer. It will not benefit him before Allah Almighty.
The two testimonies of faith comprise all the religion with its apparent
and hidden deeds. The Hadīth provides evidence that one should start
with what is most important, then the less in importance. The
importance of performing and establishing the prayer properly. It
shows the importance of fasting, Zakah, and Hajj. If one performs them
in a deficient way, his religion is deficient. This Hadīth is
considered a major principle in knowing about the religion, to which it
acts as a mainstay encompassing all of its pillars. These five
obligatory acts are individual obligations; they are never waived off
some of the Muslims when others perform them.
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Grade And Record التعديل والتخريج
صحيح. → متفق عليه --- Sahih/Authentic. ← → Al-Bukhari and Muslim
Reference: Hadeeth Encyclopaedia @ 65000 |