|
Fa'ida
()
A beneficial
piece of knowledge which comes to a person. (t.p)
Fa'idah
()
Benefit. In
investment context it means return on investment. (i.i.q)
Fada'il
()
Virtues,
excellent qualities. it is the plural of fadila. (t.p)
Fadl (Riba)
()
A type of
interest. Taking something of superior quality in exchange for the same kind
of thing of poorer quality. Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala has strictly prohibited
any kind of Riba and has warned of severe punishment for those who have any
association with it. See the Holy Qur' an, Surah Al-Baqara (2):275-280(i.i.q)
Fahm
()
Understanding.
(t.p)
Fahsha'
()
Something
abominable or obscene, meaning anything forbidden by Allah. it can also
designate fornication or foul language. (t.p)
Fahwa al-khitab
()
Superior meaning,
when the implied meaning of a text is superior to the pronounced meaning.
(t.p)
Fahwani
()
"Elocution", a
technical term of ibn al-`arabi. it means Allah's directly addressing people
in visionary encounters in the `alam al-mithal. (t.p)
Fajir
()
(Plural fujjar or
fajara) a reprobate; someone who behaves immorally or sinfully; someone who
disobeys the commands of Allah and commits immoral actions. (t.p)
Fajr
()
Dawn, daybreak.
there is the "false dawn" which rises without spreading out, and the"true
dawn" in which the light rises and spreads. it also means the dawn prayer.
among the malikis, it desig nates the two sunna rak'ats before the
obligatory subh prayer while others use fajr and subh interchangeably.
(t.p)
Fajr
()
the obligatory salah, prayer, before sunrise.
(c.m.j.e)
Falah
()
Success,
prosperity, the lasting attainment of that which one desires. (t.p)
Falas
()
: Bankrupt(i.i.q)
Fals
()
(Plural fulus) a
small copper coin, used as small change, but with no intrinsic value.
(t.p)
Falsafa
()
Philosophy, which
attempts to form a systematic world-view out of logical and scientific
reasoning. (compare with kalam). (t.p)
Fana'
()
Annihilation in
Allah, the cessation of attributes, total withdrawal from the sensory. based
on the qur'an: "everyone on it will pass away. " (55:26). (t.p)
Fana' fi'llah
()
Annihilation in
Allah. (t.p)
Fana' fi'r-rasul
()
"Annihilation in
the messenger", deep love of the prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, which leads to love of Allah and ultimately annihilation in Allah.
(t.p)
Fana' fi'sh-shaykh
()
"Annihilation in
the shaykh", annihilation in the spiritual guide which leads to annihilation
in the prophet. (t.p)
Faqeeh
()
An Islamic
scholar who can give an authoritative legal opinion or judgement. (i.i.q)
Faqih
()
a person who is an expert on Islamic jurisprudence (law), fiqh.
(c.m.j.e)
Faqih
()
(Plural fuqaha')
a man learned in the knowledge of fiqh (see below) who by virtue of his
knowledge can give a legal judgement. (t.p)
Faqih
()
(Plural fuqaha')
a man learned in the knowledge of fiqh who by virtue of his knowledge can
give a legal judgement. (t.p)
Faqih an-nafs
()
"An expert on the
self', a term used by al-ghazali for someone with expertise and
understanding of the art of purifying the self. (t.p)
Faqir
()
A poor person. (i.i.q)
Faqir
()
(Plural fuqara')
someone who is needy or poor, used to describe someone following a spiritual
tradition since the creature is poor and the creator rich. (t.p)
Faqirani
()
Also a faqira
(plural faqirat), the feminine of faqir. (t.p)
Faqr
()
Voluntary
indigence, spiritual poverty, absolute need of Allah on the part of
creatures. "o mankind! you are the poor in need of Allah whereas Allah is
the rich beyond need, the praiseworthy. " (35:15). (t.p)
Far'
()
A branch or
sub-division, and (in the context of qiyas) a new legal case. (t.p)
Fara'id
()
Plural of farida,
shares of inheritance; religious obligations. (t.p)
Fara'id
()
Plural of farida,
the fixed shares of inheritance as stipulated in the qur'an. the shares are:
1h, 1/4, 1/3, 1/6, 1/8, and 2/3. (t.p)
Faragh
()
Leisure. along
with laziness, one of the great dangers for someone on the spiritual path.
(t.p)
Faraq
()
(Plural furqan) a
kind of large pot used as a measure in madina, containing about three sa`s
of water. (t.p)
Fard
()
(Plural fara'id)
obligatory, an obligatory act of worship or practice of the dan as defined
by the shari'a. (t.p)
Fard
()
"Single", similar
to gharib. it is of three kinds: a single person is found reporting it (like
gharib), the people of only one locality relate the hadith; or the narrators
of one locality report the hadith from narrators of another locality (like
the people of makka from the people of madina). (t.p)
Fard
()
(Singular of
afrad), a solitary individual. fardiya: singularity. (t.p)
Fard
(furd)
A term
designating that which is an obligatory (required) belief or practice in
Islam. For example, under normal circumstances, performing wudu (ritual
washing) before offering formal worship is fard for Muslims.
(c.i.e)
Fard
()
Obligatory. An
act which is obligatory on Muslims. (i.i.q)
Fard
()
something which is obligatory on a Muslim. It is sometimes used in reference
to the obligatory part of salaah.
(c.m.j.e)
Fard 'Ain
()
An action which
is obligatory on every Muslim. (i.i.q)
Fard al-`ayn
()
An individual
obligation. (t.p)
Fard al-kifaya
()
Also fard kafa'i,
a collective obligation, something which is obligatory for the community as
a whole and is satisfied if one adult performs it. (t.p)
Fard al-Kifayah
()
Collective duty.
A duty on the whole community. However, if the duty has been fulfilled by a
part of that community then the rest are not obliged to fulfill it. (i.i.q)
Farnda
()
(Plural fara'id)
share of inheritance. (t.p)
Farq
()
(Sometimes
tafriqa), separation, obscuring structures and creation and separating Allah
from creation, awareness of creation by creation. the opposite of jam `.
(t.p)
Farsakh
()
(Plural farasikh)
a measurement of length, about three miles/five km. (t.p)
Faruq
(Farooq Farouk Farook)
this was the name given to Umar ibn Al-Khattab. It means 'One who
distinguishes the truth from falsehood'.
(c.m.j.e)
Fasid
()
Irregular,
invalid, corrupt, void, deficient. (t.p)
Fasid
()
Irregular,
deficient. it is between valid and void. a batil contract is unlawful,
whereas one which is fasid is lacking some necessary quality, which can
sometimes be put right. (t.p)
Fasila
()
(Plural fawasil)
the final words of the verses of the qur'an which resemble rhyme. (t.p)
Fasiq
()
(Plural fussaq)
sinner, deviant, fornicater, profligate. (t.p)
Fasiq
()
(Plural fussaq) a
person not meeting the legal requirements of righteousness. the evidence of
such a person is inadmissible in court. (t.p)
Fasiq
()
One of corrupt moral character who engages in various sins.
(c.m.j.e)
Faskh
()
Cancellation,
invalidation of a contract. (t.p)
Fasting
()
See Sawm.
(c.i.e)
Fata
()
"Noble youth",
someone who is generous and faithful, a practitioner of futuwwa. al-qushayri
says, "he has no enemy and does not care whether he is a wall or an
unbeliever."(t.p)
Fatarat
()
Kharijite
doctrine of eclipse of belief. (t.p)
Fatawa
()
Plural of fatwa.
(t.p)
Fatawa `alamgiriya
()
A collection of
fatwas made by jurists in the moghul empire during the 12th/18th century
under `alamgir. it was edited by nizam ad-din burhanpuri and twenty-four
other scholars. the sections dealing with worship are classical in pattern,
while those dealing with criminal and civil law are more pragmatic. a source
for muslim law in india. (t.p)
Fath
()
An opening in the
soul which sets someone on the path to realisation. (cf. futuh). (t.p)
Fath aft-dhara'i`
()
"Facilitating the
means"; it entails making the means to what is obligatory also obligatory.
(t.p)
Fath al-`aziz
()
"The victory of
the mighty", by ar-rafi`i (d. 623/1226), a commentary on al-wajiz by al-ghazali,
which in turn provided the basis for the minhaj at-talibin of an-nawawi. it
is a main reference of the shafi'i school. (t.p)
Fath al-bari
()
By ibn hajar al-'asqalani
(d. 852/1449), a fourteen volume commentary on sahih al-bukhari. it is
sometimes described as the work by which muslim scholars repaid the debt
they owed to al-bukhari. (t.p)
Fatha
()
The arabic vowel
a. (t.p)
Fatiha
()
"The opener," the
first sara of the qur'an. (t.p)
Fatiha
()
The first sura of
the qur'an. (t.p)
Fatwa
()
(Plural fatawa)
an authoritative statement on a point of law. (t.p)
Fatwa
(fut-wa)
A legal ruling in
Shari'ah (Islamic Law), made by a learned and qualified scholar, usually in
response to an unprecedented situation or to address a novel issue.
(c.i.e)
Fatwa
()
An authoritative
statement on a point of law. (t.p)
Fatwa
()
legal opinion concerning Islamic Law.
(c.m.j.e)
Fatwa
()
A legal verdict
given on a religious basis. The sources on which a fatwa is based are the
Holy Qur'an, Sahih Bukhari and Muslim, and all other authenticated Ahadeeth.
Plural: Fatawa. (i.i.q)
Fay'
()
Spoils taken
without fighting. it goes to the muslim treasury, the bayt al-mal. (t.p)
Fayd
()
Overflowing,
emanation, effusion, manifestation. (t.p)
Fayd
()
The emanation of
created things from Allah. the word is not used in the qur'an for creation.
muslim philosophers, such as al-farabi and ibn sina, under the influence of
neoplatonism conceived of creation as a gradual unfolding process.
generally, they proposed that the world came into being as the result of
god's superabundance. the process of creation begins, they asserted, at the
most perfect level and then "descends" to the least perfect: physical
matter. all created things yearn for what is more perfect. (t.p)
Faylasuf
()
Philosopher(t.p)
Festivities
()
Other than the two general feasts, there are few festivities that Muslims do
enjoy. These are related to different activities or functions. Some of these
activities are:
- 'Aqiqah: It is a dinner reception to be made after a
child is born. Relatives, friends, and neighbors are invited for such an
occasion.
- Walimah: It is a dinner reception to be made after a
marriage is consummated. It is offered by the parents and/or by the
married couples. Friends, relatives, and neighbors are also invited.
(c.m.j.e)
Fez
()
Crimson brimless
head-covering worn in the later ottoman empire and in some successor-states,
outlawed in turkey by kemal ataturk. fiqh: the science of the application of
the shari'a. a practitioner or expert in fiqh is called a fagih. (t.p)
Fi amani'llah
()
Valedictory
phrase meaning "in Allah's protection."(t.p)
Fi sabilillah
()
The arabic
expression meaning "in the way of Allah", "for the cause of Allah".
(t.p)
Fidya
()
A ransom,
compensation paid for rites or acts of worship missed or wrongly performed
because of ignorance or ill health. (t.p)
Fidyah
()
Compensation for
missing or wrongly practising necessary acts of worship.Fidyah usually takes
the form of donating money or foodstuff, or sacrificing an animal. (i.i.q)
Fikr
()
Reflection,
seeking the meaning of things as manifestations of the divine. also
tafakkur. (t.p)
Fikr
()
Reflection.
(t.p)
Fiqh
(FIQAH FIQHA)
The meaning of the word fiqh is understanding, comprehension, knowledge, and
jurisprudence in Islam. A jurist is called a Faqih who is an expert in
matters of Islamic legal matters.
A Faqih is to pass verdicts within the rules of the Islamic Law namely
Shariah.
The most famous scholars of Fiqh in the history Muslims are the founders of
the four schools of thought in Islam: Imam Malik, Imam Ash-Shafi'i, Imam Abu
Hanifah, and Imam Ahmad.
Anything or action in Islam falls within the following five categories of
Fiqh:
- Fardh (Must): This category is a must for the Muslim
to do such as the five daily prayers. Doing the Fardh counts as a good
deed, and not doing it is considered a bad deed or a sin.
It is also called Wajib except for Imam Abu Hanifah who makes Wajib a
separate category between the Fardh and the Mubah.
- Mandub (Recommended): This category is recommended
for the Muslim to do such as extra prayers after Zuhr and Maghrib. Doing
the Mandub counts as a good deed and not doing it does not count as a bad
deed or a sin.
- Mubah (Allowed): This category is left undecided and
left for the person, such as eating apples or oranges. Doing or not doing
the Mubah does not count as a good or bad deed.
Intention of the person can change Mubah to Fard, Mandub, Makruh, or Haram.
Other things could also change the status of the Mubah. For example, any
Mubah becomes Haram if it is proven harmful, and any necessary thing to
fulfill a Fardh is a Fardh too.
- Makruh (Hated): This category is a detested and hated
such as growing fingernails or sleeping on the stomach. Not doing the
Makruh counts as a good deed and doing it does not count as a bad deed.
- Haram (Prohibited): This category is prohibited for
the Muslim to do such as stealing and lying. Doing the haram counts as a
bad deed and not doing it counts as a good deed.
Imam Abu Hanifah also puts another category between the Makruh and the Haram.
It is called Karahah Tahrimiyyah which means hated almost to the level of
Haram.
(c.m.j.e)
(t.p)
Fiqh
(fik)
Literally
"understanding," this term refers to the body of knowledge and legal
opinions developed by Muslim jurists and scholars from the primary sources
in Islam, the Qur'an and the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad. Fiqh is essentially
the interpretation and application of Shari'ah to specific circumstances or
issues. (c.i.e)
Fiqh
()
Islamic
jurisprudence. (i.i.q)
Fiqh
()
The science of
the application of the shari `a. a practitioner or expert in fiqh is called
a faqih. (t.p)
Fiqh al-aqalliyat
()
"Jurisprudence of
[muslim] minorities", a new name for an old area of jurisprudence that used
to be called fiqh an-nawazil, or "jurisprudence of momentous events".
(t.p)
Fiqh al-hadith
()
The science of
hadiths which deal with legal judgements. (t.p)
Fiqh an-nawazil
()
"Jurisprudence of
momentous events", an area of fiqh covered mostly by the malikis, which is
concerned with the fiqh for muslims living in a minority situation. (t.p)
Fir'awn
()
Pharaoh.
(t.p)
Firasa
()
The science of
recognising a person's inward qualities by studying the outward appearance;
intuitive knowledge of human nature. (t.p)
Firdaws
()
Paradise.
(t.p)
Firdaws
()
Paradise, one of
the highest parts of the garden. (t.p)
Fisq
()
Deviant behaviour,
leaving the correct way or abandoning the truth, disobeying Allah, immoral
behaviour. (t.p)
Fisq
()
The testimony of
someone who is fasiq, who behaves in a manner which can be described as fisq,
is not accepted as evidence in court. this involves committing a major sin
or persisting in minor ones. (t.p)
Fitna
()
(Plural fitan)
civil strife, sedition, schism, trial, temptation. fitr: see `id al-fitr(t.p)
Fitna
()
The first nature,
the natural, primal condition of mankind in harmony with nature. (t.p)
Fitnah
()
means civil strife, war, riots.
(c.m.j.e)
Fitra
()
The first nature,
the natural, primal condition of mankind in harmony with nature. (t.p)
Fitra
()
The first nature;
the natural, primal condition of mankind in harmony with nature. (t.p)
Fitrah
(fit-rah)
()
An Arabic term
designating the innate, original spiritual orientation of every human being
towards God the Creator. Muslims believe that God endowed everything in
Creation with a tendency towards goodness, piety and God-consciousness, and
that one's environment, upbringing, and circumstances serve to enhance or
obscure this tendency. (c.i.e)
Five Pillars of
Islam, The ()
A term referring
to the five core religious practices incumbent upon all Muslims, and which
demonstrate a Muslim's commitment to God in word and in deed. They are as
follows(c.i.e)
Follower
()
See tabi `un.
(t.p)
Follower
()
See tabi `un.
(t.p)
Fu'ad
()
The inner heart.
according to an-nuri, that part of the heart contented only with gnosis.
(t.p)
Fudayl ibn `iyad
()
Abu `ali at-talaqani,
born in khorasan. he was a highwayman at the beginning of his life. then he
repented and went to makka and then to kufa where he resided for many years,
dying in 187/803. he had a reputation as an authority in hadith which he
studied under sufyan ath-thawri and abu hanifa and was bold in preaching
before harun ar-rashid. he likened this world to a madhouse. (t.p)
Fuqaha
()
()
plural form of faqih.
(c.m.j.e)
Fuqaha'
()
Plural of faqih.
(t.p)
Fuqahaa
()
Jurists. (i.i.q)
Fuqara'
()
Plural of faqir.
(t.p)
Furnsiya
()
Excellent
horsemanship. (t.p)
Furqan
()
Discrimination,
distinguishing the true from the false. it is also a name given to a divine
revealed book. (t.p)
Furqan
()
Discrimination,
distinguishing the truth from the false. (t.p)
Furu`
()
(The plural of
far`) branches or subsidiaries, such as furu ` al fiqh, that is, the
branches of fiqh. (t.p)
Furuq
()
Subtle
distinctions. (t.p)
Fusha
()
Classical arabic;
pure, eloquent arabic. (t.p)
Fusus al-hikam
()
"The seals of
wisdom", an extremely important book regarded as the nucleus of ibn al-`arabi's
teaching and philosophy: it consists of a series of explanations of the
mystical meanings of the particular gnoses granted to each of several major
prophets. (t.p)
Futhiya
()
Or aftahiya, from
al-aftah ("flat-footed") the nickname of `abdullah, the eldest son of ja'far
as-sadiq. they believed that the imam passed on the imamate by testament
(and so could go from one brother to another). (t.p)
Futuh
()
"Opening", the
opening of the expression outwardly and sweetness inwardly, and the opening
of disclosing and unveiling. (t.p)
Futuh al-ghayb
()
"Openings of the
unseen", a series of discourses on the sufic path by shaykh `abdu'l-qadir
al-jilani (d. 561/1166). (t.p)
Futuhat al-makkiya
()
"The makkan
revelations", ibn 'arabi's huge major work which consists of 565 chapters.
he was inspired to begin it, hence its name. (t.p)
Futuwwa
()
Placing others
above one's self, as manifested in generosity,altruism, self-denial,
indulgence for people's shortcomings. (t.p)
Futuwwa
()
Chivalry; placing
others above one's self as manifested in generosity, altruism, self-denial,
indulgence for people's shortcomings. also a term for the guilds in asia
minor. (t.p)
|
Add Comments